{"id":9642,"date":"2023-03-15T15:27:35","date_gmt":"2023-03-15T09:57:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/?p=9642"},"modified":"2026-09-05T21:41:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T16:11:24","slug":"%e0%a4%b6%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%81-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/%e0%a4%b6%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%81-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00a09. \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (Conical Projection)"},"content":{"rendered":"<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ffd900;\">\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 24pt;\"><strong>\u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a <\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 24pt;\"><strong>(Conical Projection)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #003300; font-size: 18pt;\">\u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (Conical Projection)\u21d2<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0 <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/CONICAL-300x169.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u21d2 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0917\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0922\u0901\u0915\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0917\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24pt; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u21d2 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0917\u091c \u0915\u0947\u00a0 <\/strong><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0917\u091c \u0915\u094b \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u21d2 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0917\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0941\u0935\u0924 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091b\u0942\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u21d2 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0917\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0938 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 (Standard Parallel) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u21d2 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u092a (Arc of Circle) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u21d2 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u21d2 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0941\u0935\u0924 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u21d2 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0941\u0935\u0924\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u21d2 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u21d2 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u21d2 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0940\u0924\u094b\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u091f\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0941\u0935\u0924 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">(i) \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (One Standard Parallel Parallel Projection \u092f\u093e Simple Conical Projection with one Standard Parallel)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"> \u21d2 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u093e\u092a \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u21d2 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u21d2 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u21d2 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u21d2 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u21d2 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0941\u0935\u0924 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u095d\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u21d2 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u21d2 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (Equidistance Conical Projection) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u21d2 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0924\u0940-\u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u21d2 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u091f\u094d\u091c\u0930\u0932\u0948\u0923\u094d\u0921\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u21d2 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0909\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0941\u0935\u0924 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u03c0 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9676 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ONE-STANDARD-PARALLEL-1-300x261.jpeg\" alt=\"\u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\" width=\"300\" height=\"261\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ONE-STANDARD-PARALLEL-1-300x261.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ONE-STANDARD-PARALLEL-1.jpeg 316w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 1. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0907\u090f :<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940: 1:250,000,000; \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 &#8211; 60\u00ba N, \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 &#8211; 30\u00ba N \u0938\u0947 75\u00ba N \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0924\u0925\u093e 60\u00ba W \u0938\u0947 60\u00ba E \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930, \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 &#8211; 15\u00ba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"107\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"107\">Construct a Simple Conical Projection with One Standard Parallel based on the following data:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"109\" data-end=\"310\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"17ym652\" data-start=\"109\" data-end=\"139\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong data-start=\"111\" data-end=\"121\">Scale: 1 : 250,000,000<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"qn7l22\" data-start=\"140\" data-end=\"172\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong data-start=\"142\" data-end=\"164\">Standard Parallel:<\/strong> <strong>60\u00b0 N<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"82d3k8\" data-start=\"173\" data-end=\"255\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong data-start=\"175\" data-end=\"198\">Extent of the Area: 30\u00b0 N to 75\u00b0 N Latitudes and 60\u00b0 W to 60\u00b0 E Longitudes<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"y71byd\" data-start=\"256\" data-end=\"310\" data-is-last-node=\"\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\">Interval: 15\u00b0 for both Latitudes and Longitudes.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u0939\u0932 : \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930,<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">R = \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \/ \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0915 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0930<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">RR = 250000000\/250000000 = 1&#8243;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0905\u092c 1&#8243; \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0902\u0936 ABO \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093f\u090f\u0964 OB \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 O \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 15\u00ba \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0923 DOB \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0923 COB \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964 C \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u092c \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0907\u090f \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0917\u092f\u0940 OA \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u094b P \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u092c O \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930 BD \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094b OC \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u094b E \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 E \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u0938\u0947 OA \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092a\u0930 EF \u0932\u0902\u092c \u0916\u0940\u091a\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0935\u0924\u094d \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e P&#8217;G \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 0\u00ba \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u092c PC \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 P&#8217; \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 60\u00ba N \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092a\u0930 BD \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0938\u0947 P&#8217; \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e G \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964 P&#8217; \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u0907\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u092a \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0905\u092c EF \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093e\u0930-\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b P&#8217; \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"107\">SIMPLE CONICAL PROJECTION<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"107\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">WITH<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"107\">ONE STANDARD PARALLEL<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-21404 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Simple-Conical-Projection-with-One-Standard-Parallel-300x142.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Simple-Conical-Projection-with-One-Standard-Parallel-300x142.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Simple-Conical-Projection-with-One-Standard-Parallel-1024x484.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Simple-Conical-Projection-with-One-Standard-Parallel-768x363.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Simple-Conical-Projection-with-One-Standard-Parallel-1536x726.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Simple-Conical-Projection-with-One-Standard-Parallel.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\"><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 2. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0907\u090f :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000080;\"><strong>\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940: 1:125,000,000; \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 &#8211; 60\u00ba N, \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 &#8211; 0\u00ba N \u0938\u0947 75\u00ba N \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0924\u0925\u093e 60\u00ba W \u0938\u0947 60\u00ba E \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930, \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 &#8211; 15\u00ba<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"107\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"107\">Construct a Simple Conical Projection with One Standard Parallel based on the following data:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"109\" data-end=\"310\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"17ym652\" data-start=\"109\" data-end=\"139\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong data-start=\"111\" data-end=\"121\">Scale: 1 : 125,000,000<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"qn7l22\" data-start=\"140\" data-end=\"172\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong data-start=\"142\" data-end=\"164\">Standard Parallel: 45\u00b0 N<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"82d3k8\" data-start=\"173\" data-end=\"255\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong data-start=\"175\" data-end=\"198\">Extent of the Area: 0\u00b0 N to 75\u00b0 N Latitudes and 60\u00b0 W to 60\u00b0 E Longitudes<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"y71byd\" data-start=\"256\" data-end=\"310\" data-is-last-node=\"\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\">Interval: 15\u00b0 for both Latitudes and Longitudes.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u0939\u0932 : \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">R = \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \/ \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0915 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0930<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">RR = 635000000\/125000000 = 5.08 cm<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-21927 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/IMG_20260903_121727-246x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"246\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/IMG_20260903_121727-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/IMG_20260903_121727-840x1024.jpg 840w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/IMG_20260903_121727-768x936.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/IMG_20260903_121727-1260x1536.jpg 1260w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/IMG_20260903_121727-1680x2048.jpg 1680w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-21936 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/conical-1-169x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/conical-1-169x300.jpeg 169w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/conical-1-576x1024.jpeg 576w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/conical-1-768x1365.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/conical-1-864x1536.jpeg 864w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/conical-1.jpeg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"5prju9\" data-start=\"45\" data-end=\"70\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 (Identification):-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"72\" data-end=\"165\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>1. \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>2. \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>3. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>4. \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>5. \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"tk34mc\" data-start=\"707\" data-end=\"730\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e (Properties):-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"732\" data-end=\"807\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>1. \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>2. \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (Equidistant Conic Projection) \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>3. \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0909\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f (Distortion) \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>4. \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u0940-\u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>5. \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 (\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940) \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1rodamc\" data-start=\"1514\" data-end=\"1529\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff00ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@geographynotespdf\/videos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/a> (Uses):-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1531\" data-end=\"1763\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924, \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">(ii) \u0926\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (Two Standard Parallel Conical Projection)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u21d2 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0917\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u21d2 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u21d2 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u21d2 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092a\u0930 \u0928 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u21d2 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947, NH-2 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u091f\u0932\u093e\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9674 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ONE-STANDARD-PARALLEL-300x265.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"265\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ONE-STANDARD-PARALLEL-300x265.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ONE-STANDARD-PARALLEL.jpeg 496w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 1. 40\u00ba N \u0938\u0947 80\u00ba N \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0924\u0925\u093e 40\u00ba W \u0938\u0947 40\u00baE \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e 10\u00ba \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0925\u093e 1:125,000,000 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 50\u00baN \u0924\u0925\u093e 70\u00ba N \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Construct a Two Standard Parallel Conical Projection on a scale of 1 : 1,250,000,000 for the area extending from 40\u00b0 N to 80\u00b0 N latitude and 40\u00b0 W to 40\u00b0 E longitude, with meridians and parallels drawn at 10\u00b0 intervals. In the projection, take 50\u00b0 N and 70\u00b0 N as the standard parallels.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0939\u0932: \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930,<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>RR= 250,000,000\/125,000,000= 2&#8243;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"107\">SIMPLE CONICAL PROJECTION<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"107\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">WITH<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"107\">TWO STANDARD PARALLEL<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18736 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_20241219_181419-300x217.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_20241219_181419-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_20241219_181419-1024x740.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_20241219_181419-768x555.jpg 768w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_20241219_181419-1536x1111.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_20241219_181419.jpg 1834w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0905\u092c 2&#8243; \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0902\u0936 ABO \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093f\u090f\u0964 OB \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 O \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0923 EOB \u0924\u0925\u093e 50\u00baN \u0935 70\u00baN \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 10\u00ba \u0915\u094b\u0923 COB \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923 DOB \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964 EB \u091a\u093e\u092a \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 O \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094b OC \u0924\u0925\u093e OD \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 F \u0924\u0925\u093e G \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 F \u0924\u0925\u093e G \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 OA \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 FI \u0924\u0925\u093e GH \u0932\u0902\u092c \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0905\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0935\u0924\u094d \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 CD \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 C&#8217;D&#8217; \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u093f\u090f\u0964 C&#8217; \u0924\u0925\u093e D&#8217; \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 FI \u0924\u0925\u093e GH \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 C&#8217;I&#8217; \u0924\u0925\u093e D&#8217;H&#8217; \u0932\u0902\u092c \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964 I&#8217; \u0924\u0925\u093e H&#8217; \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0917\u092f\u0940 C&#8217;D&#8217; \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u094b P \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0905\u092c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f P&#8217;G&#8217; \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0935\u0924\u094d \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093f\u090f\u0964 P&#8217; \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930 PC&#8217; \u0924\u0925\u093e PD&#8217; \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 50\u00ba \u0935 70\u00ba N \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0916\u0940\u091a\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 EB \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u093e\u092a 60\u00b0 N \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f EB \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092a\u0930 70\u00ba N \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u093e 50\u00ba N \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0905\u092c P&#8217; \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u0907\u0928 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u092a \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0905\u092c 70\u00ba N \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0930 GH \u0932\u0902\u092c \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e 50\u00ba N \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0930 FI \u0932\u0902\u092c \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 4-4 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 P&#8217; \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"o5t02a\" data-start=\"159\" data-end=\"185\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 (Identification):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"186\" data-end=\"249\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<strong>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">1. \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u091a\u093e\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">2. \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">3. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u092a \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">4. \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">5. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"14t3ytj\" data-start=\"639\" data-end=\"663\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e (Properties):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"664\" data-end=\"732\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">1. \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">2. \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">3. \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0928 \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0925\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 (Conformal) \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Equal-area)\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">4. \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">5. \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">6. \u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"begl0n\" data-start=\"1355\" data-end=\"1371\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 (Uses):-<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1372\" data-end=\"1574\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1576\" data-end=\"1713\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24pt; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Read More:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/1-cartography-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80\/\"><strong>Cartography \/ \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0\/\">\u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%82\/\">\u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #666699;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%96-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a5%8c%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #800080;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%ad%e0%a5%8c%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/\">\u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%ad%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%80\/\">\u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%a8\/\">\u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u0918\u0941\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%aa\/\">\u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (Map Projection), \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong> <a style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%b6%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%81-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%aa\/\">\u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (Conical Projection)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%ac%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%b9%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%b6%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%87\/\">\u092c\u094b\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (Bonne&#8217;s and Polyconic Projection)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%ac%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%aa\/\">\u092c\u0947\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (Cylindrical Projection)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/zenithal-projection\/\">\u0916\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (<\/a><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/zenithal-projection\/\">Zenithal Projection<\/a><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/zenithal-projection\/\">)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/mercators-projection\/\">\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (<\/a><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/mercators-projection\/\">Mercator&#8217;s Projection<\/a><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/mercators-projection\/\">)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #003366;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%89%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%aa\/\">\u0917\u0949\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (Gall Projection)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #008080;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%89%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%aa\/\">\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0949\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e (Comparison Between Mercator&#8217;s and Gall Projection)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%a2%e0%a4%bc-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%aa\/\">\u0930\u0942\u095d \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a, \u092e\u0949\u0932\u0935\u0940\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a, \u0938\u093f\u0928\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0921\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #99cc00;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b2\/\">\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932 (Vernier and Diagonal Scale)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%86%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%96%e0%a5%80\/\">\u0906\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0940 \/ \u0930\u0948\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f (Graphical or Linear Method)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #800080;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%86%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%96-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%af%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%97\/\">\u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \/Diagram: Types &amp; uses<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%b9%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%ab\/\">\u0939\u0940\u0926\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b, \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b, \u092e\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u0917\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u092b<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%96%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0\/\"><strong>\u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #003300;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%96-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%96%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%81\/\">\u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u092e\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%a2%e0%a4%bc-%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b9-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%a4\/\">\u0930\u0942\u0922\u093c \u091a\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82\/\">\u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Rocks and its Types)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%96%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%9c%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a5%8c%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95\/\">\u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 (Properties and Identification of Minerals)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff00ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%9f\/\">\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e\u091f (Cross Section)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #333300;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%9a%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9a-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%96%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%81\/\">\u0938\u092e\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Contour Lines)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/representation-of-relief\/\">Representation of Relief<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/minerals\/\">Minerals (\u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c) \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #800080;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/interpretation-of-topo\/\">\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 (<\/a><a style=\"color: #800080;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/interpretation-of-topo\/\">Interpretation of Topographical Maps<\/a><a style=\"color: #800080;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/interpretation-of-topo\/\">)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/wind-rose\/\">\u092a\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0916 \/ \u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 (<\/a><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/wind-rose\/\">Wind Rose \/ Star Diagram<\/a><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/wind-rose\/\">)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/cyclone-and-anticyclone\/\">Cyclone and Anticyclone<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/interpretation-of-weather\/\">\u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 (<\/a><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/interpretation-of-weather\/\">Interpretation of Weather Map<\/a><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/interpretation-of-weather\/\">)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/climograph\/\">Climograph and Hythergraph<\/a><\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/metrological-instruments\/\">Metrological Instruments Functions of Wind Vane,\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #800080;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/metrological-instruments\/\">Anemometer,\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/metrological-instruments\/\">Barometer, <\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/metrological-instruments\/\">Rain Gauge and Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/distribution-maps\/\">\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941, \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f (Distribution Maps- Dot, Choropleth and Isopleth Method)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/bar-diagram\/\">BAR DIAGRAM (\u0926\u0923\u094d\u0921-\u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a style=\"color: #ff00ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/pie-diagram\/\"><strong>Pie Diagram (\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0916)<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/nature-and-scope-of-cartography\/\">Nature and Scope of Cartograph<\/a>y<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff9900;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/relief-and-slope-analysis\/\">Relief and Slope Analysis \/ \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0935\u091a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0922\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/scales-of-measurement\/\">SCALES OF MEASUREMENT (\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947)<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/significance-of-the-weather-map\/\">Significance of the weather map (\u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 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style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #993366;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/graphical-construction-of-simple\/\">Graphical Construction of Simple, Comparative and Diagonal Scales \/ \u0938\u0930\u0932, \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (Conical Projection) \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (Conical Projection)\u21d2 \u00a0 \u21d2 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0917\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 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