{"id":21798,"date":"2026-08-12T14:29:53","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T08:59:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/?p=21798"},"modified":"2026-09-20T08:14:42","modified_gmt":"2026-09-20T02:44:42","slug":"cyber-security","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/cyber-security\/","title":{"rendered":"Cyber Security: Complete Concepts, Threats, Malware & 50+Difficult MCQs | UGC NET\/JRF 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cyber Security <\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0938\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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UGC NET\/JRF Paper-I | 2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Cyber Security \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the most comprehensive meaning of Cyber Security?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 computer viruses \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e \/ Removing computer viruses only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 passwords \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \/ Protecting passwords only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Digital systems, networks, devices \u0914\u0930 data \u0915\u094b unauthorized access, attacks \u0914\u0930 damage \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \/ Protecting digital systems, networks, devices and data from unauthorized access, attacks and damage<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 internet speed \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e \/ Increasing internet speed only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. CIA Triad \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 security principles \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which three major security principles are included in the CIA Triad?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Control, Internet and Authentication<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Confidentiality, Internet and Authorization<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Control, Integrity and Access<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u092f\u0926\u093f sensitive information \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 authorized users \u0915\u094b \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938 security principle \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

If sensitive information is accessible only to authorized users, which security principle does this represent?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Availability<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Confidentiality<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Integrity<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Non-repudiation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 database \u092e\u0947\u0902 stored information \u0915\u094b unauthorized \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 CIA Triad \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938 component \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Information in a database is modified without authorization. Which component of the CIA Triad is primarily violated?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Availability<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Confidentiality<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Authentication<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Integrity<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (D)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

5. \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 online service \u0915\u094b legitimate users \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f unavailable \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 traffic \u092d\u0947\u091c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 attack \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Excessive traffic is sent to make an online service unavailable to legitimate users. This is associated with which type of attack?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Phishing<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Data masking<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Denial-of-Service attack<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Encryption<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

6. DDoS attack \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u201cDistributed\u201d \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What does \u201cDistributed\u201d in a DDoS attack indicate?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Attack traffic multiple compromised sources \u0938\u0947 \u0906 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 computer attack \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Data multiple formats \u092e\u0947\u0902 stored \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 server \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 attack \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

7. Malware \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the most appropriate meaning of malware?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 malicious website<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0910\u0938\u093e software \u091c\u094b system \u092f\u093e data \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e unauthorized activity \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f designed \u0939\u094b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 antivirus software<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 encrypted file<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

8. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Malware \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is an example of malware?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Firewall<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Digital certificate<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Antivirus<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Ransomware<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (D)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

9. Ransomware \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is a major characteristic of ransomware?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Files\/data \u0915\u094b encrypt \u092f\u093e lock \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 payment \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 browser history delete \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Internet speed \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 spam messages \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

10. Spyware \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the usual purpose of spyware?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) System \u0915\u094b physically repair \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) User \u0915\u0940 activity \u092f\u093e information \u0915\u094b secretly monitor\/collect \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Network bandwidth \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Files \u0915\u094b automatically backup \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

11. Trojan Horse \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is a major characteristic of a Trojan Horse?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 network hardware \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u094b legitimate software\/file \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 user \u0915\u094b deceive \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 encrypted data \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 firewall \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

12. Computer Worm \u0914\u0930 Virus \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is an important difference between a computer worm and a virus?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Worm \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092d\u0940 network \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Virus \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e harmless \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Worm \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f virus \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 host file\/program \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

13. Phishing attack \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 technique \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Phishing attacks are primarily based on which technique?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Social engineering \u0914\u0930 deception<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Hardware replacement<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Data compression<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Network cabling<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

14. \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 suspicious link \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e e-mail \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 password \u0924\u0925\u093e OTP \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A person receives an e-mail apparently from a bank containing a suspicious link and asking for a password and OTP. This is potentially an example of:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Encryption<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Phishing<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Backup<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Firewall filtering<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

15. Spear Phishing \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f Phishing \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

How does spear phishing differ from ordinary phishing?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 government websites \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 malware \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e organization \u0915\u094b target \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 customized deception \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 Internet \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

16. Social Engineering \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the most appropriate meaning of social engineering?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Social media website \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Human psychology\/manipulation \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 sensitive information \u092f\u093e unauthorized access \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Computer network design \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Software programming \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

17. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Social Engineering \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is an example of social engineering?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 employee \u0915\u094b phone \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 IT administrator \u092c\u0928\u0915\u0930 password \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Antivirus update \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Firewall install \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Data backup \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

18. Password Security \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 practice \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is the safest practice regarding password security?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0938\u092d\u0940 accounts \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 password \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Password \u0915\u094b publicly share \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Strong, unique passwords \u0914\u0930 multi-factor authentication \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Password \u0915\u094b browser \u092e\u0947\u0902 plain text \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

19. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the basic purpose of Multi-Factor Authentication?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 password \u0915\u0940 length \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Authentication \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 independent factors \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 username \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 Internet speed \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

20. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Authentication Factor \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is an example of an authentication factor?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Something you know – password<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Something you download – PDF<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Something you browse – website<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Something you print – document<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

21. Fingerprint authentication \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 factor \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Fingerprint authentication is an example of which factor?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Something you know<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Something you have<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Something you are<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Somewhere you are<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

22. OTP \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938 category \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 authentication factor \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

OTP is generally used as which type of authentication factor?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Something you have<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Something you are<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Something you know only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Something you see<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

23. Encryption \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the primary purpose of encryption?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Data \u0915\u094b unauthorized parties \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f unreadable \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Data \u0915\u094b permanently delete \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Internet speed \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Computer \u0915\u0940 RAM \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

24. Encryption \u092e\u0947\u0902 plaintext \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What happens to plaintext during encryption?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0935\u0939 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e delete \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0935\u0939 ciphertext \u092e\u0947\u0902 transform \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0935\u0939 automatically print \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 backup file \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

25. Decryption \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What does decryption mean?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Ciphertext \u0915\u094b appropriate key\/process \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 readable plaintext \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Data \u0915\u094b compress \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Password \u0915\u094b delete \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Network \u0915\u094b disconnect \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

26. Symmetric Encryption \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is a major characteristic of symmetric encryption?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Encryption \u0914\u0930 decryption \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 secret key \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 public key \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 key \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 biometric authentication<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

27. Asymmetric Cryptography \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 keys \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

How many keys are generally used in asymmetric cryptography?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u090f\u0915<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0926\u094b – public key \u0914\u0930 private key<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0924\u0940\u0928<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u094b\u0908 key \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

28. Digital Signature \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the primary purpose of a digital signature?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 document \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 document \u0915\u094b encrypt \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 password generate \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Authenticity\/integrity \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 non-repudiation \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (D)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

29. Digital Certificate \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A digital certificate is mainly associated with:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Digital identity \u0915\u0940 verification\/authentication<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 data compression<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 antivirus scanning<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 file storage<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

30. Firewall \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the primary function of a firewall?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0938\u092d\u0940 computer files \u0915\u094b encrypt \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Network traffic \u0915\u094b predefined security rules \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 monitor\/filter \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 password generate \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 backup \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

31. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Firewall \u0915\u0940 limitation \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which can be a limitation of a firewall?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 social engineering attack \u0915\u094b automatically \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092d\u0940 human errors \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Properly configured firewall \u092d\u0940 phishing \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 human-targeted attacks \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Firewall \u0915\u092d\u0940 network traffic inspect \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

32. Antivirus software \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the primary purpose of antivirus software?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Malware \u0915\u094b detect, prevent \u0914\u0930\/or remove \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Internet bandwidth \u0915\u094b double \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Password \u0915\u094b publicly share \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 website design \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

33. Antivirus software \u0915\u094b regularly update \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Why should antivirus software be updated regularly?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0928\u090f malware signatures\/threat intelligence \u0914\u0930 security improvements \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Computer \u0915\u0940 screen size \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Keyboard \u0915\u0940 speed \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 files rename \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

34. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0925\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Strong passwords cyber security \u0915\u094b improve \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Multi-factor authentication \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 security layer \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u0938\u092d\u0940 accounts \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 password \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e recommended practice \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) 1 \u0914\u0930 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) 1, 2 \u0914\u0930 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

35. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0947 Cyber Security threats \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Phishing<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Ransomware<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Spyware<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

4. Social Engineering<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 1 \u0914\u0930 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) 1, 2 \u0914\u0930 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) 2, 3 \u0914\u0930 4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) 1, 2, 3 \u0914\u0930 4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (D)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

36. Assertion (A): Multi-Factor Authentication account security \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Reason (R): MFA authentication \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 factors \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) A \u0914\u0930 R \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 R \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) A \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948, R \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) A \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948, R \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) A \u0914\u0930 R \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e R, A \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (D)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

37. Assertion (A): Encryption confidentiality \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Reason (R): Encryption plaintext \u0915\u094b \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 decryption mechanism \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) A \u0914\u0930 R \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e R, A \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) A \u0914\u0930 R \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 R \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) A \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948, R \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) A \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948, R \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

38. Assertion (A): Firewall \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 cyber attacks \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Reason (R): Firewall \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 network traffic \u0915\u094b predefined rules \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 filter\/monitor \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) A \u0914\u0930 R \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) A \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948, R \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) A \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948, R \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) A \u0914\u0930 R \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

39. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940-I<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940-II<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A. Phishing<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n1. Deceptive information harvesting<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B. Ransomware<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n2. Data encryption\/extortion<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C. Spyware<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n3. Secret monitoring<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D. Firewall<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n4. Traffic filtering<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(A) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

40. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940-I<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940-II<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A. Confidentiality<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n1. Unauthorized disclosure \u0938\u0947 protection<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B. Integrity<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n2. Unauthorized modification \u0938\u0947 protection<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C. Availability<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n3. Authorized users \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f access<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D. Authentication<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n4. Identity verification<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(A) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

41. \u090f\u0915 organization \u0915\u0947 employees \u0915\u094b suspicious e-mails \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 sensitive information share \u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 training \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938 security approach \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Employees are trained to identify suspicious e-mails and avoid sharing sensitive information. This is mainly part of which security approach?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Human awareness and security education<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Data compression<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Hardware virtualization<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Network topology design<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

42. \u092f\u0926\u093f attacker \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 legitimate website \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e fake website \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930 users \u0938\u0947 login credentials \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

If an attacker creates a fake website resembling a legitimate website to obtain login credentials, this is most closely associated with:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Backup<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Phishing<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Encryption<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Load balancing<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

43. Zero-Day Vulnerability \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the most appropriate meaning of a Zero-Day Vulnerability?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0910\u0938\u0940 vulnerability \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 exploitation \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 effective patch \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0910\u0938\u0940 vulnerability \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 computers \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0910\u0938\u0940 vulnerability \u091c\u094b \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e harmless \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0910\u0938\u0940 vulnerability \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 security relevance \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

44. Software updates \u0914\u0930 security patches cyber security \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Why are software updates and security patches important for cybersecurity?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 software \u0915\u093e appearance \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 storage capacity \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0935\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 vulnerabilities \u0915\u094b address \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 security improvements \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0935\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 cyber attacks \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

45. Data Backup ransomware attack \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Why is data backup important in the context of ransomware attacks?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Backup \u0938\u0947 compromised\/encrypted data \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 copy \u0938\u0947 restore \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Backup ransomware \u0915\u094b automatically attack \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Backup Internet speed \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Backup phishing e-mails \u0915\u094b delete \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

46. Public Wi-Fi \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f sensitive transactions \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 practice \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is an appropriate practice when performing sensitive transactions over public Wi-Fi?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 suspicious network \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e verification connect \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Security protections \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 sensitive activity \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f trusted\/secure connection \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Password \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 share \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 security warnings \u0915\u094b ignore \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

47. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e least privilege principle \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which best represents the principle of least privilege?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 user \u0915\u094b administrator-level access \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0938\u092d\u0940 employees \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092d\u0940 databases \u0924\u0915 access \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Users \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e permissions \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 user \u0938\u0947 authentication \u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

48. Cyber Security \u092e\u0947\u0902 Defense in Depth \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What does Defense in Depth mean in cybersecurity?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 password \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 firewall install \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 antivirus \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Multiple security layers \u0914\u0930 controls \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (D)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

49. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e cyber incident \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 response sequence \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which represents an appropriate broad response sequence after a cyber incident?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Detect\/identify \u2192 Contain \u2192 Eradicate\/Remediate \u2192 Recover \u2192 Learn\/Improve<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Ignore \u2192 Delete \u2192 Restart \u2192 Forget<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Publish \u2192 Share \u2192 Ignore \u2192 Recover<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Shutdown permanently \u2192 Destroy all data \u2192 Reinstall without investigation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

50. Cyber Security \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is the most effective comprehensive cybersecurity strategy?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 antivirus install \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 strong password \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 firewall \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) People + Process + Technology \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 layered security, awareness, updates, authentication, backup \u0914\u0930 continuous monitoring \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (D)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

UGC NET\/JRF Quick Revision<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Concept<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nKey Point<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cyber Security<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nDigital systems, networks \u0914\u0930 data \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CIA Triad<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nConfidentiality + Integrity + Availability<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Confidentiality<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nUnauthorized disclosure \u0938\u0947 protection<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Integrity<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nUnauthorized modification \u0938\u0947 protection<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Availability<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nAuthorized users \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f access<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Authentication<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nIdentity verification<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Authorization<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nPermissions\/access rights<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Malware<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nMalicious software<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Virus<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nHost file\/program \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u092b\u0948\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Worm<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 network \u092a\u0930 \u092b\u0948\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trojan<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nLegitimate software \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 deception<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ransomware<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nData lock\/encrypt + extortion<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spyware<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nSecret monitoring\/information collection<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Phishing<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nDeceptive information theft<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spear Phishing<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nTargeted phishing<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Social Engineering<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nHuman manipulation<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Encryption<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nPlaintext \u2192 Ciphertext<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Decryption<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nCiphertext \u2192 Plaintext<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Symmetric Encryption<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nSame secret key<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Asymmetric Encryption<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nPublic + Private key<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Digital Signature<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nAuthenticity + Integrity + Non-repudiation<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Firewall<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nNetwork traffic filtering<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Antivirus<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nMalware detection\/removal<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MFA<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nMultiple authentication factors<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zero-Day<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nUnpatched\/unknown vulnerability exploitation<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Backup<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nRecovery \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Least Privilege<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nMinimum necessary access<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Defense in Depth<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nMultiple security layers<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

UGC NET\/JRF Super Revision Tricks<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

CIA \u2192 Confidentiality + Integrity + Availability<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Confidentiality \u2192 Secret \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Integrity \u2192 Data \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0940\/unchanged \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Availability \u2192 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Phishing \u2192 Fake message\/link<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Spear Phishing \u2192 Targeted Phishing<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ransomware \u2192 Encrypt\/Lock + Demand<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Spyware \u2192 Secretly Monitor<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trojan \u2192 Disguise<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Worm \u2192 Self-spreading<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Symmetric \u2192 One Secret Key<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Asymmetric \u2192 Public + Private Key<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

MFA \u2192 Multiple Factors<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Firewall \u2192 Traffic Filter<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Digital Signature \u2192 Authenticity + Integrity<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Least Privilege \u2192 Minimum Required Access<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Defense in Depth \u2192 Multiple Security Layers<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cyber Security \u0938\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u00a0 UGC NET\/JRF Paper-I | 2026 1. Cyber Security \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? What is the most comprehensive meaning of Cyber Security? (A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 computer viruses \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e \/ Removing computer viruses only (B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 passwords \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \/ Protecting passwords only (C) Digital systems, networks, devices \u0914\u0930 data […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[170],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ugc-net-jrf-paper-1"],"acf":{"test_duration":60,"q1_question":"","q1_option_a":"","q1_option_b":"","q1_option_c":"","q1_option_d":"","q1_correct":"","q1_explanation":"","q2_question":"","q2_option_a":"","q2_option_b":"","q2_option_c":"","q2_option_d":"","q2_correct":"","q2_explanation":"","q3_question":"","q3_option_a":"","q3_option_b":"","q3_option_c":"","q3_option_d":"","q3_correct":"","q3_explanation":"","q4_question":"","q4_option_a":"","q4_option_b":"","q4_option_c":"","q4_option_d":"","q4_correct":"","q4_explanation":"","q5_question":"","q5_option_a":"","q5_option_b":"","q5_option_c":"","q5_option_d":"","q5_correct":"","q5_explanation":"","q6_question":"","q6_option_a":"","q6_option_b":"","q6_option_c":"","q6_option_d":"","q6_correct":"","q6_explanation":"","q7_question":"","q7_option_a":"","q7_option_b":"","q7_option_c":"","q7_option_d":"","q7_correct":"","q7_explanation":"","q8_question":"","q8_option_a":"","q8_option_b":"","q8_option_c":"","q8_option_d":"","q8_correct":"","q8_explanation":"","q9_question":"","q9_option_a":"","q9_option_b":"","q9_option_c":"","q9_option_d":"","q9_correct":"","q9_explanation":"","q10_question":"","q10_option_a":"","q10_option_b":"","q10_option_c":"","q10_option_d":"","q10_correct":"","q10_explanation":"","q11_question":"","q11_option_a":"","q11_option_b":"","q11_option_c":"","q11_option_d":"","q11_correct":"","q11_explanation":"","q12_question":"","q12_option_a":"","q12_option_b":"","q12_option_c":"","q12_option_d":"","q12_correct":"","q12_explanation":"","q13_question":"","q13_option_a":"","q13_option_b":"","q13_option_c":"","q13_option_d":"","q13_correct":"","q13_explanation":"","q14_question":"","q14_option_a":"","q14_option_b":"","q14_option_c":"","q14_option_d":"","q14_correct":"","q14_explanation":"","q15_question":"","q15_option_a":"","q15_option_b":"","q15_option_c":"","q15_option_d":"","q15_correct":"","q15_explanation":"","q16_question":"","q16_option_a":"","q16_option_b":"","q16_option_c":"","q16_option_d":"","q16_correct":"","q16_explanation":"","q17_question":"","q17_option_a":"","q17_option_b":"","q17_option_c":"","q17_option_d":"","q17_correct":"","q17_explanation":"","q18_question":"","q18_option_a":"","q18_option_b":"","q18_option_c":"","q18_option_d":"","q18_correct":"","q18_explanation":"","q19_question":"","q19_option_a":"","q19_option_b":"","q19_option_c":"","q19_option_d":"","q19_correct":"","q19_explanation":"","q20_question":"","q20_option_a":"","q20_option_b":"","q20_option_c":"","q20_option_d":"","q20_correct":"","q20_explanation":"","q21_question":"","q21_option_a":"","q21_option_b":"","q21_option_c":"","q21_option_d":"","q21_correct":"","q21_explanation":"","q22_question":"","q22_option_a":"","q22_option_b":"","q22_option_c":"","q22_option_d":"","q22_correct":"","q22_explanation":"","q23_question":"","q23_option_a":"","q23_option_b":"","q23_option_c":"","q23_option_d":"","q23_correct":"","q23_explanation":"","q24_question":"","q24_option_a":"","q24_option_b":"","q24_option_c":"","q24_option_d":"","q24_correct":"","q24_explanation":"","q25_question":"","q25_option_a":"","q25_option_b":"","q25_option_c":"","q25_option_d":"","q25_correct":"","q25_explanation":"","q26_question":"","q26_option_a":"","q26_option_b":"","q26_option_c":"","q26_option_d":"","q26_correct":"","q26_explanation":"","q27_question":"","q27_option_a":"","q27_option_b":"","q27_option_c":"","q27_option_d":"","q27_correct":"","q27_explanation":"","q28_question":"","q28_option_a":"","q28_option_b":"","q28_option_c":"","q28_option_d":"","q28_correct":"","q28_explanation":"","q29_question":"","q29_option_a":"","q29_option_b":"","q29_option_c":"","q29_option_d":"","q29_correct":"","q29_explanation":"","q30_question":"","q30_option_a":"","q30_option_b":"","q30_option_c":"","q30_option_d":"","q30_correct":"","q30_explanation":"","q31_question":"","q31_option_a":"","q31_option_b":"","q31_option_c":"","q31_option_d":"","q31_correct":"","q31_explanation":"","q32_question":"","q32_option_a":"","q32_option_b":"","q32_option_c":"","q32_option_d":"","q32_correct":"","q32_explanation":"","q33_question":"","q33_option_a":"","q33_option_b":"","q33_option_c":"","q33_option_d":"","q33_correct":"","q33_explanation":"","q34_question":"","q34_option_a":"","q34_option_b":"","q34_option_c":"","q34_option_d":"","q34_correct":"","q34_explanation":"","q35_question":"","q35_option_a":"","q35_option_b":"","q35_option_c":"","q35_option_d":"","q35_correct":"","q35_explanation":"","q36_question":"","q36_option_a":"","q36_option_b":"","q36_option_c":"","q36_option_d":"","q36_correct":"","q36_explanation":"","q37_question":"","q37_option_a":"","q37_option_b":"","q37_option_c":"","q37_o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