{"id":21773,"date":"2026-08-09T22:15:10","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:45:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/?p=21773"},"modified":"2026-08-09T22:15:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T16:45:10","slug":"natural-disasters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/natural-disasters\/","title":{"rendered":"Natural Disasters Complete Guide | Earthquake, Tsunami, Cyclone & Drought | UGC NET\/JRF 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Natural Disasters <\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

UGC NET\/JRF Paper-I | Environmental Studies<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e (Natural Disaster) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the most appropriate concept of a Natural Disaster?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \/ Any natural event<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0940 vulnerability \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u091c\u0928-\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947 \/ A natural event that, combined with societal vulnerability, causes serious losses<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \/ Earthquake only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \/ Weather event only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which statement is most appropriate?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Hazard \u0914\u0930 Disaster \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 hazard \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 disaster \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Disaster risk \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 hazard \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Hazard, exposure \u0914\u0930 vulnerability \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e disaster risk \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (D)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 magnitude \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u2014\u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 vulnerable \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

An earthquake of similar magnitude produces different impacts in two regions. What is the main reason?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 latitude \/ \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Exposure, vulnerability \u0914\u0930 preparedness \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 longitude \/ \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 soil colour \/ \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0930\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

4. Disaster Risk \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Disaster risk is most comprehensively understood through:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Hazard + Exposure + Vulnerability<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 hazard<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 population<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 economic loss<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

5. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Natural Hazard \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f disaster \u0939\u094b?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is a natural hazard but does not necessarily become a disaster?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Remote ocean earthquake with no significant impact on population<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Major earthquake in a densely populated city<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Severe cyclone hitting a coastal settlement<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Large landslide affecting a highway<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

6. \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (Magnitude) \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (Intensity) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the key difference between earthquake magnitude and intensity?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Magnitude source energy \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f intensity \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\/\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Intensity \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 earthquake energy \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Magnitude \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 building damage \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

7. \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0940 Magnitude \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which measure is widely used in modern seismology for earthquake magnitude?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Beaufort Scale<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Richter Temperature Scale<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Saffir-Simpson Scale<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

8. \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is the first type of seismic wave to travel through the Earth?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) P-wave<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) S-wave<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Surface wave<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Tsunami wave<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

9. P-waves \u0914\u0930 S-waves \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which statement is correct regarding P-waves and S-waves?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) P-waves \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 liquids \u092e\u0947\u0902 travel \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) S-waves solids \u092e\u0947\u0902 travel \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 liquids \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 atmosphere \u092e\u0947\u0902 travel \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) S-waves P-waves \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

10. \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 destructive earthquake damage \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 Surface Waves \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Why are surface waves particularly important in destructive earthquake damage?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 atmosphere \u092e\u0947\u0902 travel \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0935\u0947 Earth’s surface \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 ground motion \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0935\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e P-waves \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

11. Tsunami \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f trigger \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the most common trigger of a tsunami?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0938\u0947 sea floor displacement<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930-\u092d\u093e\u091f\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0935\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

12. Tsunami \u0915\u0940 wave height \u0924\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Why can tsunami wave height increase near the coast?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Shallowing water causes wave speed to decrease and wave height to increase<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Deep water causes unlimited acceleration<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Atmospheric pressure always becomes zero<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Tidal cycle alone creates the wave<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

13. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Tsunami warning system \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is a major objective of a tsunami warning system?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Early detection and timely evacuation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 rainfall measurement<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 fishing activity control<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

14. Tropical Cyclone \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which condition is more favourable for tropical cyclone development?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Warm ocean water and sufficient Coriolis force<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0920\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u092d\u0942\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092a\u0930 Coriolis force \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 dry continental air<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

15. Tropical Cyclone \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 Equator \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Why do tropical cyclones generally not develop directly at the Equator?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Coriolis force \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930\/\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 ocean \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 atmospheric pressure \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 solar radiation \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

16. Tropical Cyclone \u092e\u0947\u0902 Eye \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The Eye of a tropical cyclone is characterized by:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u092e cloud conditions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e rainfall \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 wind speed \u0939\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 high pressure system<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

17. Tropical Cyclone \u0915\u0940 intensity \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f Sea Surface Temperature \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Why is sea surface temperature important for tropical cyclone intensity?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Warm ocean provides energy through evaporation and latent heat release<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Cold water always increases convection<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) SST \u0915\u093e cyclone \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 salinity cyclone \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

18. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Meteorological Disaster \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is an example of a meteorological disaster?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Cyclone<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Earthquake<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Volcanic eruption<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Landslide<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

19. Drought \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the most appropriate characterization of drought?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u092e precipitation \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 water availability \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 groundwater pollution<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

20. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Drought \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is NOT a recognized type of drought?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Meteorological drought<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Agricultural drought<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Hydrological drought<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Seismic drought<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (D)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

21. Agricultural Drought \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Agricultural drought is mainly associated with:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Soil moisture deficiency affecting crops<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 ocean temperature<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 earthquake magnitude<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 river discharge increase<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

22. Hydrological Drought \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hydrological drought primarily affects:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Rivers, reservoirs and groundwater availability<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 crop leaves<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 atmospheric pressure<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 ocean tides<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

23. Flood Risk \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f Structural \u0914\u0930 Non-structural \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 approaches \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which combination better represents both structural and non-structural flood risk reduction?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Embankments + Early warning and evacuation planning<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 dam construction<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 insurance<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 flood forecasting<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

24. Urban Flooding \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is a major anthropogenic factor increasing urban flooding?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Impervious surfaces and inadequate drainage<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 forest cover<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 groundwater recharge<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 natural wetlands<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

25. Wetlands disaster risk reduction \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

How can wetlands contribute to disaster risk reduction?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Excess water \u0915\u094b temporarily store \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 flooding \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 floods \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 drought \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 earthquake intensity \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

26. Landslide \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Landslide likelihood may increase under:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Steep slopes + intense rainfall + slope instability<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Flat terrain + no rainfall<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 high atmospheric pressure<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 ocean salinity<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

27. Deforestation landslide risk \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

How can deforestation increase landslide risk?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Vegetation removal \u0938\u0947 root reinforcement \u0914\u0930 slope stability \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Vegetation removal \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e slope stability \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Deforestation \u0915\u093e slope stability \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 ocean waves \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

28. Avalanche \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Avalanche is primarily a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Cryospheric hazard<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Hydrological pollution event<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Atmospheric chemical hazard<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Biological hazard<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

29. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Slow-onset Disaster\/Hazard \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is a better example of a slow-onset hazard\/disaster?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Drought<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Earthquake<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Flash flood<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Volcanic explosion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

30. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Rapid-onset Disaster \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is an example of a rapid-onset disaster?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Earthquake<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Gradual desertification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Long-term sea-level rise<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Slow soil degradation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

31. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0925\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Hazard \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 disaster \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Vulnerability disaster impacts \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 hazard intensity \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) 1 \u0914\u0930 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) 2 \u0914\u0930 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) 1, 2 \u0914\u0930 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (D)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

32. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0925\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Disaster risk reduction \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 disaster \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0930\u093e\u0939\u0924 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Early warning systems disaster mortality \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Land-use planning disaster risk reduction \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) 1 \u0914\u0930 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) 2 \u0914\u0930 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) 1, 2 \u0914\u0930 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

33. Assertion (A): Disaster vulnerability \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Reason (R): \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c\u0940, \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 infrastructure \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 preparedness \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 hazard \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) A \u0914\u0930 R \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e R, A \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) A \u0914\u0930 R \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 R \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) A \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948, R \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) A \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948, R \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

34. Assertion (A): Early Warning System disaster risk reduction \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Reason (R): \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b evacuation \u0914\u0930 protective action \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) A \u0914\u0930 R \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e R, A \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) A \u0914\u0930 R \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 R \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) A \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948, R \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) A \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948, R \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

35. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940-I<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940-II<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A. Earthquake<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n1. Tectonic hazard<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B. Cyclone<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n2. Meteorological hazard<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C. Drought<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n3. Hydro-meteorological hazard<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D. Landslide<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n4. Geomorphological hazard<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(A) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

36. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940-I<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940-II<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A. Meteorological Drought<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n1. Low precipitation<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B. Agricultural Drought<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n2. Soil moisture deficiency<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C. Hydrological Drought<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n3. Low streamflow\/reservoir levels<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D. Tsunami<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n4. Sea-floor displacement<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(A) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

37. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u092e\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which pair is incorrectly matched?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Earthquake – Seismic waves<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Cyclone – Warm ocean water<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Tsunami – Sea-floor displacement<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Drought – Excessive precipitation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (D)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

38. \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0939\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 cyclone \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 Disaster Risk Reduction strategy \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A cyclone is forecast to strike a coastal city. Which measure best represents an effective disaster risk reduction strategy?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Early warning + evacuation + cyclone shelters + resilient infrastructure<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 disaster \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0930\u093e\u0939\u0924<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 social media \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

39. \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 landslide \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 deforestation \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Landslides increase after heavy rainfall in a mountainous region where deforestation has also occurred. What is the best explanation?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Intense rainfall \u0914\u0930 vegetation loss \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 slope instability \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Deforestation \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e landslide \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 temperature \u0939\u0940 landslide \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Rainfall \u0914\u0930 vegetation \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

40. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Natural Disaster Management \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which represents the most comprehensive strategy for natural disaster management?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 post-disaster relief<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 hazard forecasting<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Risk assessment + prevention + mitigation + preparedness + early warning + response + recovery<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 infrastructure construction<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

41. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the primary objective of Disaster Risk Reduction?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0930\u093e\u0939\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \/ Providing relief only after a disaster<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \/ Reducing disaster risk and potential losses<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093e \/ Preventing all natural events<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \/ Assessing economic losses only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

42. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Disaster Mitigation \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which of the following is an example of disaster mitigation?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \/ Earthquake-resistant construction<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \/ Food distribution after disaster<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0930\u093e\u0939\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \/ Establishing relief camps<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0918\u093e\u092f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \/ First aid to injured people<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

43. \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0922\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0924\u0930\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092c\u093e\u0922\u093c \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

If people are evacuated to safe locations before a known flood hazard occurs, this is primarily an example of:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Recovery<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Early Warning and Preparedness<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Rehabilitation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Reconstruction<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

44. Exposure \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 Disaster Risk \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What does Exposure refer to in the context of disaster risk?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 hazard \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \/ Intensity of hazard only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Hazard-prone area \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 people, infrastructure \u0914\u0930 assets<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c\u0940 \/ Poverty of people only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 environmental degradation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

45. \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u0939\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0922\u093c-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b Disaster Risk \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

If many houses and roads are constructed in a flood-prone area, the increase in disaster risk is mainly due to:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Reduced hazard<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Increased exposure<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Reduced vulnerability<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Increased resilience<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

46. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Structural Mitigation Measure \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is a structural mitigation measure?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Flood embankment<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Public awareness campaign<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Evacuation training<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Emergency communication plan<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

47. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Non-structural Mitigation Measure \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is a non-structural mitigation measure?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Dam construction<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Cyclone shelter construction<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Land-use zoning<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) River embankment<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

48. Build Back Better \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The concept of Build Back Better is mainly associated with which phase?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Recovery and reconstruction<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Hazard identification only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Early warning only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Pre-disaster forecasting only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

49. \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 damaged infrastructure \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 resilient \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Rebuilding damaged infrastructure in a more resilient manner after a disaster represents:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Build Back Better<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Exposure enhancement<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Hazard amplification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Emergency avoidance<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

50. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is the best example of Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e evacuation routes \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 disaster \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 compensation \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

51. \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f Liquefaction \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Liquefaction is more likely in which type of ground condition during an earthquake?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Loose, water-saturated sediments<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Hard crystalline bedrock<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Dry solid rock<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Highly compacted granite<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

52. \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 Liquefaction \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What does liquefaction primarily mean during an earthquake?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Water-saturated loose soil \u0915\u093e strength \u0916\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 fluid-like \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Bedrock \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Surface water \u0915\u093e \u091c\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Atmospheric pressure \u0915\u093e \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

53. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Earthquake-induced Secondary Hazard \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is a secondary hazard induced by an earthquake?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Tsunami<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Plate movement<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Seismic energy generation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Earth’s rotation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

54. \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0932 \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u090a\u092a\u0930-\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 secondary hazard \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

If a powerful undersea earthquake causes sudden vertical displacement of the seafloor, what is the most likely secondary hazard?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Tsunami<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Drought<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Heat wave<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Desertification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

55. Tropical Cyclone \u092e\u0947\u0902 Storm Surge \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Storm surge in a tropical cyclone is mainly associated with:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Strong winds and low atmospheric pressure causing abnormal rise of sea level<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 ocean tides<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 heavy rainfall over mountains<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 earthquake waves<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

56. \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 cyclone \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 hazards \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 Storm Surge \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Why can storm surge be one of the most serious hazards during a cyclone in coastal areas?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0927\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 coastal inundation \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 wind speed \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e coastal flooding \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

57. Heat Wave \u0915\u094b Disaster Risk \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which factor can make a heat wave particularly serious in terms of disaster risk?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) High temperature combined with high exposure and vulnerable populations<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 high altitude<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 low humidity in every situation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 low population density<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

58. Urban Heat Island Effect \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 Disaster Risk \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

How can the Urban Heat Island Effect increase disaster risk?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0936\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 heat stress \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0930<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 groundwater recharge \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0930<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 rainfall \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 earthquake frequency \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0930<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

59. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0925\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Disaster risk \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 hazard intensity \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Vulnerability \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 disaster impacts \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Preparedness disaster risk management \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) 1 \u0914\u0930 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) 2 \u0914\u0930 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) 1, 2 \u0914\u0930 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (D)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

60. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Disaster Management \u0915\u0947 Pre-disaster phase \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which best represents the pre-disaster phase of disaster management?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Risk assessment + mitigation + preparedness + early warning<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 relief distribution<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 reconstruction<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 compensation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

UGC NET\/JRF Quick Revision<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Concept<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nKey Point<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hazard<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Disaster<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nHazard + Exposure + Vulnerability \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Risk<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\/\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vulnerability<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Earthquake<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nTectonic hazard<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P-Wave<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u091c seismic wave<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S-Wave<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nLiquids \u092e\u0947\u0902 travel \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tsunami<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0932 displacement \u0938\u0947<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cyclone<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nWarm ocean + Coriolis force<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Drought<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 precipitation deficiency<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Meteorological Drought<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0915\u092e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Agricultural Drought<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nSoil moisture deficiency<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hydrological Drought<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nRivers\/Reservoirs\/Groundwater \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flood<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Landslide<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0922\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0930 mass movement<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Avalanche<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u092c\u0930\u094d\u092b \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0922\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 movement<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Early Warning<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u092e\u092f \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u091a\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0940<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mitigation<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Preparedness<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Resilience<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 recover\/adapt \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 NET Trick<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hazard \u2260 Disaster<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Disaster Risk \u2192 Hazard + Exposure + Vulnerability<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Mitigation \u2192 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\/\u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Preparedness \u2192 \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Response \u2192 \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928\/\u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0908<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Recovery \u2192 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0939\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Earthquake \u2192 P-wave \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, S-wave \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Drought \u2192 Meteorological \u2192 Agricultural \u2192 Hydrological<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Natural Disasters \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e\u090f\u0901 UGC NET\/JRF Paper-I | Environmental Studies 1. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e (Natural Disaster) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? What is the most appropriate concept of a Natural Disaster? (A) \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \/ Any natural event (B) \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0940 vulnerability \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u091c\u0928-\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f 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