{"id":21765,"date":"2026-08-09T19:12:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T13:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/?p=21765"},"modified":"2026-09-20T08:18:37","modified_gmt":"2026-09-20T02:48:37","slug":"pollution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"Pollution (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923) Complete Guide | 40+ \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 PYQ Pattern MCQs | UGC NET\/JRF 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pollution (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923)\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

UGC NET\/JRF Paper-I | Environmental Studies<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 (Pollution) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is the most appropriate definition of Pollution?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \/ Presence of any substance in the environment<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091b\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u091c\u094b \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902 \/ Undesirable changes in environmental components causing adverse effects<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \/ Emission of industrial waste only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \/ Decline in air quality only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which of the following is NOT a major source of pollution?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Industrial activities<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Agricultural activities<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Natural ecological processes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Human waste generation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 PM2.5 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Why is PM2.5 considered particularly serious in air pollution?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0923 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Primary Air Pollutant \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which of the following is a primary air pollutant?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Ozone formed in the atmosphere<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) PAN<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Sulphur dioxide emitted directly from combustion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Photochemical smog<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

5. Secondary Pollutant \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is the best example of a secondary pollutant?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Carbon monoxide directly emitted from vehicles<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Sulphur dioxide directly emitted from coal combustion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Ground-level ozone formed through atmospheric reactions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Particulate matter directly emitted from a chimney<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

6. Photochemical Smog \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Photochemical smog is mainly formed in the presence of:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) NOx + VOCs + sunlight<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) SO\u2082 + darkness<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) CO\u2082 + rainfall<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) CFCs + snow<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

7. Photochemical Smog \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Photochemical smog formation is more likely under:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Strong sunlight and stagnant air<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Heavy rainfall and strong winds<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Complete absence of sunlight<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Very low atmospheric pressure only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

8. Classical\/Industrial Smog \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Classical\/industrial smog is mainly associated with:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) SO\u2082, smoke and particulate matter<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) O\u2083 and PAN only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) CO\u2082 and methane only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) CFCs and ozone only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

9. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0917\u0948\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0936\u094d\u092e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which gaseous air pollutant is strongly associated with fossil-fuel combustion?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) SO\u2082<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Oxygen<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Nitrogen<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Argon<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

10. Carbon Monoxide (CO) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is a major health effect of carbon monoxide?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Blood \u0915\u0940 oxygen-carrying capacity \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 hearing loss<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 bone density \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

11. CO \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 binding \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 oxygen transport \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

CO mainly affects oxygen transport by binding with:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Haemoglobin<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Chlorophyll<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Calcium<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Insulin<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

12. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u0915 (Biological Indicator) \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which can serve as a biological indicator of water pollution?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Certain aquatic organisms<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Atmospheric pressure<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Wind speed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Soil texture<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

13. \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 Nutrient Enrichment \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Excessive nutrient enrichment of a water body is called:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Eutrophication<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Desertification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Biomagnification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Salinization<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

14. Eutrophication \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Excess of which nutrients is particularly important in eutrophication?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Nitrogen and phosphorus<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Calcium and sodium<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Iron and aluminium<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Silicon and potassium only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

15. Eutrophication \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 Dissolved Oxygen \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Why does dissolved oxygen decline following eutrophication?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Decomposition of excessive organic matter increases oxygen demand<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Photosynthesis completely stops immediately<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Water temperature always becomes zero<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Nitrogen disappears from the atmosphere<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

16. BOD \u0915\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A high BOD generally indicates:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Water \u092e\u0947\u0902 biodegradable organic matter \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Water \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Dissolved oxygen \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u094b\u0908 microbial activity \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

17. COD \u0914\u0930 BOD \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which statement is correct regarding COD and BOD?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) COD chemical oxidation \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e oxygen demand \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f BOD \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 decomposition \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) BOD \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 air pollution \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) COD \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 noise pollution \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

18. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e Point Source \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is a point source of water pollution?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 effluent \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 discharge<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 agricultural field \u0938\u0947 runoff<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 urban surface runoff<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Atmospheric deposition over a large region<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

19. Non-point Source Pollution \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is an example of non-point source pollution?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Single sewage outlet<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Factory discharge pipe<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Agricultural runoff from a large area<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Treatment plant outlet<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

20. Biomagnification \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the best explanation of biomagnification?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 persistent pollutants \u0915\u0940 concentration \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 organism \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 population density \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Ecosystem \u092e\u0947\u0902 nutrients \u0915\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

21. Biomagnification \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which substance is a classic example associated with biomagnification?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) DDT<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Oxygen<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Glucose<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Nitrogen<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

22. \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 toxic pollutant \u0915\u0940 concentration organism \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

If the concentration of a toxic pollutant increases within an organism over time, it is called:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Bioaccumulation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Eutrophication<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Biodegradation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Dilution<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

23. Bioaccumulation \u0914\u0930 Biomagnification \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is the key difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Bioaccumulation \u090f\u0915 organism \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 accumulation \u0939\u0948; biomagnification food chain \u0915\u0947 trophic levels \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 concentration \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Biomagnification \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 air pollution \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Bioaccumulation \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 plants \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

24. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Soil Pollution \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which is a major cause of soil pollution?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Natural soil formation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Photosynthesis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Normal rainfall<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

25. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What is a major characteristic of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0935\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0938\u0902\u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0935\u0947 \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 oxygen \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 natural nutrients \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

26. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Noise Pollution \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which can be a health effect of noise pollution?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Hearing impairment and sleep disturbance<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 soil erosion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 eutrophication<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 water scarcity<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

27. Noise pollution \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Noise intensity is commonly expressed in:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Decibel (dB)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Joule<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Pascal-second<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Watt-hour<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

28. Thermal Pollution \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

What can be a major effect of thermal pollution?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 dissolved oxygen \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u091c\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 soil fertility \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) atmospheric nitrogen \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

29. Power plants \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0932\u093e\u0936\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 discharge \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Discharge of heated water from power plants into water bodies is an example of:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Thermal pollution<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Noise pollution<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Radioactive pollution<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Soil pollution<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

30. Radioactive Pollution \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which can be a major source of radioactive pollution?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Nuclear activities and radioactive waste<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 organic farming<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 rainfall<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 wind erosion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

31. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0925\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Primary pollutants \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 source \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Secondary pollutants \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 chemical reactions \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Ground-level ozone \u090f\u0915 secondary pollutant \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) 1 \u0914\u0930 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) 2 \u0914\u0930 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) 1, 2 \u0914\u0930 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (D)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

32. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0925\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. BOD \u0915\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u093e\u0928 water pollution \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Eutrophication \u092e\u0947\u0902 nutrient enrichment \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Biomagnification \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 inorganic nutrients \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) 1 \u0914\u0930 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) 2 \u0914\u0930 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) 1, 2 \u0914\u0930 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

33. Assertion (A): Photochemical smog \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Reason (R): \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 NOx \u0914\u0930 VOCs \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 ozone \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 secondary pollutants \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) A \u0914\u0930 R \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e R, A \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) A \u0914\u0930 R \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 R \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) A \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948, R \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) A \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948, R \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

34. Assertion (A): Eutrophication \u091c\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 ecological quality \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Reason (R): Excess nutrients algal growth \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 decomposition \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 dissolved oxygen \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) A \u0914\u0930 R \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e R, A \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) A \u0914\u0930 R \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 R \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) A \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948, R \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) A \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948, R \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

35. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940-I<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940-II<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A. CO<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n1. Ozone formation precursor<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B. SO\u2082<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n2. Haemoglobin interaction<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C. NOx<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n3. Acid deposition<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D. PM2.5<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n4. Fine particulate matter<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(A) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

36. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940-I<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940-II<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A. Eutrophication<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n1. Nutrient enrichment<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B. Biomagnification<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n2. Food-chain concentration<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C. Thermal Pollution<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n3. Temperature increase<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D. Noise Pollution<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n4. Decibel<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(A) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

37. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u092e\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which pair is incorrectly matched?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) BOD – Organic pollution indicator<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) PM2.5 – Fine particulate matter<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Eutrophication – Excess nutrients<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Biomagnification – Decrease of pollutant concentration at higher trophic levels<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (D)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

38. \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 untreated sewage \u0915\u093e discharge \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0926 algal bloom \u0914\u0930 dissolved oxygen \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Untreated sewage discharge increases in a river. Later, algal bloom and reduced dissolved oxygen are observed. What is the most appropriate sequence?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Nutrient enrichment \u2192 algal growth \u2192 decomposition \u2192 oxygen depletion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Oxygen enrichment \u2192 algal death \u2192 nutrient loss<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Temperature decrease \u2192 oxygen depletion \u2192 nutrient removal<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Sedimentation \u2192 photosynthesis increase \u2192 oxygen depletion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

39. \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0939\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 traffic emissions \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f public transport \u0914\u0930 electric mobility \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A city promotes public transport and electric mobility to reduce traffic emissions. What is the primary objective?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Air pollution reduction<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Soil salinity increase<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Thermal pollution increase<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Noise amplification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (A)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

40. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0940 Pollution Control \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Which represents the most comprehensive pollution-control strategy?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u092b\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \/ Cleaning after pollution occurs only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 emission standards \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \/ Setting emission standards only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Prevention + cleaner technology + treatment + monitoring + public participation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \/ Closing industries only<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer: (C)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

UGC NET\/JRF Quick Revision<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Concept<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nKey Point<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Primary Pollutant<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 source \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Secondary Pollutant<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 reactions \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PM2.5<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e particulate matter<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Photochemical Smog<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nNOx + VOCs + Sunlight<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CO<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nHaemoglobin \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 oxygen transport \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SO\u2082<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nFossil-fuel combustion, acid deposition<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOD<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nBiodegradable organic matter \u0938\u0947 oxygen demand<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COD<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nChemical oxidation \u0938\u0947 oxygen demand<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Eutrophication<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nExcess nutrients \u2192 algal growth \u2192 O\u2082 depletion<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bioaccumulation<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u090f\u0915 organism \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 accumulation<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Biomagnification<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nFood chain \u092e\u0947\u0902 trophic level \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 concentration \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Thermal Pollution<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f discharge \u2192 DO \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Noise Pollution<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nDecibel (dB)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Point Source<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924\/\u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e discharge point<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Non-point Source<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 pollution<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POPs<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nPersistent + Bioaccumulative pollutants<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 NET Trick<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n

Primary \u2192 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/span>
Secondary \u2192 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

BOD \u2191 \u2192 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 Organic Pollution \u2191<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Eutrophication \u2192 Nutrients \u2191 \u2192 Algal Bloom \u2191 \u2192 Decomposition \u2191 \u2192 Dissolved Oxygen \u2193<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bioaccumulation \u2192 \u090f\u0915 organism<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Biomagnification \u2192 Food Chain\/Trophic Levels<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Photochemical Smog \u2192 NOx + VOCs + Sunlight
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pollution (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923)\u00a0 UGC NET\/JRF Paper-I | Environmental Studies 1. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 (Pollution) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0948? Which is the most appropriate definition of Pollution? (A) \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \/ Presence of any substance in the environment (B) \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091b\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u091c\u094b \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 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