{"id":21569,"date":"2026-07-29T21:42:12","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T16:12:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/?p=21569"},"modified":"2026-07-29T21:47:23","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T16:17:23","slug":"procedure-for-hypothesis-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/procedure-for-hypothesis-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"15. Procedure for Hypothesis Testing \/ \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e"},"content":{"rendered":"<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #4dff00; text-align: center;\">\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Procedure for Hypothesis Testing\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\"><strong> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-section-id=\"l2patx\" data-start=\"92\" data-end=\"104\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-size: 18pt;\" role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"95\" data-end=\"104\">\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"105\" data-end=\"474\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Hypothesis Testing) \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e (Sample) \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Null Hypothesis) \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-section-id=\"jckvyd\" data-start=\"481\" data-end=\"548\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 18pt;\" role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"484\" data-end=\"548\">\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-section-id=\"jckvyd\" data-start=\"481\" data-end=\"548\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 18pt;\" role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"484\" data-end=\"548\">(Steps of Hypothesis Testing)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" data-conversation-screenshot-content=\"\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"fb0b535b-1aa1-4ec1-8a41-f9dc2249426a\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\">\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1av3lkw\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"85\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-size: 14pt;\" role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"3\" data-end=\"85\">1. \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 (Identification of Research Problem):-<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"87\" data-end=\"890\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f, \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928, \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"87\" data-end=\"890\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1h9qn05\" data-start=\"897\" data-end=\"971\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-size: 14pt;\" role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"900\" data-end=\"971\">2. \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 (Formulation of Hypothesis):-<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"1697\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0\u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902- <strong data-start=\"1193\" data-end=\"1233\">\u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Null Hypothesis\u2013H\u2080)<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e <strong data-start=\"1238\" data-end=\"1288\">\u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Alternative Hypothesis\u2013H\u2081)<\/strong>\u0964 <\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"1697\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, <strong data-start=\"1488\" data-end=\"1495\">H\u2080:<\/strong> \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f <strong data-start=\"1545\" data-end=\"1552\">H\u2081:<\/strong> \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f, \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f, \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"127ygw2\" data-start=\"1704\" data-end=\"1792\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-size: 14pt;\" role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"1707\" data-end=\"1792\">3. \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 (Selection of Level of Significance):-<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1794\" data-end=\"2528\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 (Level of Significance) \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f (Type-I Error) \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 <strong data-start=\"2049\" data-end=\"2062\">\u03b1 (\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092b\u093e)<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 0.05 (5%) \u0924\u0925\u093e 0.01 (1%) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1794\" data-end=\"2528\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f 0.05 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 5% \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"4g7vcn\" data-start=\"2535\" data-end=\"2626\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-size: 14pt;\" role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"2538\" data-end=\"2626\">4. \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 (Selection of Statistical Test):-<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2628\" data-end=\"3373\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0926\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0924\u094b <strong data-start=\"2899\" data-end=\"2909\">t-Test<\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong data-start=\"2913\" data-end=\"2923\">z-Test<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong data-start=\"2972\" data-end=\"2991\">Chi-square Test<\/strong>, \u0926\u094b \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong data-start=\"3027\" data-end=\"3036\">ANOVA<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 <strong data-start=\"3064\" data-end=\"3074\">F-Test<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2628\" data-end=\"3373\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong data-start=\"3141\" data-end=\"3156\">Correlation<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong data-start=\"3208\" data-end=\"3231\">Regression Analysis<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"a7s43w\" data-start=\"3380\" data-end=\"3470\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-size: 14pt;\" role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"3383\" data-end=\"3470\">5. \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 (Collection and Analysis of Data):-<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3472\" data-end=\"4173\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940, \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e, \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0902, \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3472\" data-end=\"4173\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u091a\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f (Test Statistic) \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 SPSS, Excel, R \u0924\u0925\u093e Python \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u0940 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"19h4i9n\" data-start=\"4180\" data-end=\"4258\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-size: 14pt;\" role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"4183\" data-end=\"4258\">6. \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928 (Critical Value) \u092f\u093e p-value \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923:-<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4260\" data-end=\"4962\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928 (Critical Value) \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e <strong data-start=\"4357\" data-end=\"4368\">p-value<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 (\u03b1) \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 (Degree of Freedom) \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0913\u0930, p-value \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0935\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f p-value \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4260\" data-end=\"4962\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 p-value \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"15f82cm\" data-start=\"4969\" data-end=\"5024\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-size: 14pt;\" role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"4972\" data-end=\"5024\">7. \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e (Decision Making):-<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5026\" data-end=\"5739\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f (Calculated Value) \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928 (Critical Value) \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e p-value \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 (\u03b1) \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5026\" data-end=\"5739\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f <strong data-start=\"5237\" data-end=\"5274\">Calculated Value &gt; Critical Value<\/strong> \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e <strong data-start=\"5280\" data-end=\"5295\">p-value &lt; \u03b1<\/strong>, \u0924\u094b \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (H\u2080) \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (H\u2081) \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092f\u0926\u093f <strong data-start=\"5407\" data-end=\"5444\">Calculated Value \u2264 Critical Value<\/strong> \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e <strong data-start=\"5450\" data-end=\"5465\">p-value \u2265 \u03b1<\/strong>, \u0924\u094b \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0964 <\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5026\" data-end=\"5739\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0928 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e, \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"daytxn\" data-start=\"5746\" data-end=\"5821\"><span style=\"color: #008000; font-size: 14pt;\" role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"5749\" data-end=\"5821\">8. \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e (Interpretation of Results):-<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5823\" data-end=\"6573\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940, \u0924\u094b \u0928\u090f \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5823\" data-end=\"6573\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924, \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915, \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0935 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5823\" data-end=\"6573\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-21570 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Hypothesis-Testing-142x300.jpg\" alt=\"Procedure for Hypothesis Testing\" width=\"142\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Hypothesis-Testing-142x300.jpg 142w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Hypothesis-Testing-485x1024.jpg 485w, https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Hypothesis-Testing.jpg 604w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 142px) 100vw, 142px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5823\" data-end=\"6573\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong data-start=\"3268\" data-end=\"3298\">\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot\">\n<div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"36f349f0-cda2-4445-9279-54098738bf73\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\">\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"36f349f0-cda2-4445-9279-54098738bf73\" data-turn-id-container=\"36f349f0-cda2-4445-9279-54098738bf73\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-46\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-8 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" data-conversation-screenshot-content=\"\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"dfa079f2-976c-4026-b4ea-4135e51b6cad\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"emoji x1rg5ohu x16dsc37 x19la9d6 x1fc57z9 x6ikm8r x10wlt62 x19co3pv x11tp94h xw4jnvo x1qx5ct2 xfibh0p xiy17q3 x1xsqp64 x1lkfr7t xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl\"><span class=\"xy9tlov x1bhl96m\">&#x270d;&#xfe0f; <\/span><\/span>\u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"emoji x1rg5ohu x16dsc37 x19la9d6 x1fc57z9 x6ikm8r x10wlt62 x19co3pv x11tp94h xw4jnvo x1qx5ct2 xfibh0p xiy17q3 x1xsqp64 x1lkfr7t xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl\"><span class=\"xy9tlov x1bhl96m\">&#x270d;&#xfe0f; <\/span><\/span>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0924\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"emoji x1rg5ohu x16dsc37 x19la9d6 x1fc57z9 x6ikm8r x10wlt62 x19co3pv x11tp94h xw4jnvo x1qx5ct2 xfibh0p xiy17q3 x1xsqp64 x1lkfr7t xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl\"><span class=\"xy9tlov x1bhl96m\">&#x270d;&#xfe0f; <\/span><\/span>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"emoji x1rg5ohu x16dsc37 x19la9d6 x1fc57z9 x6ikm8r x10wlt62 x19co3pv x11tp94h xw4jnvo x1qx5ct2 xfibh0p xiy17q3 x1xsqp64 x1lkfr7t xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl\"><span class=\"xy9tlov x1bhl96m\">&#x270d;&#xfe0f; <\/span><\/span>\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><span class=\"emoji x1rg5ohu x16dsc37 x19la9d6 x1fc57z9 x6ikm8r x10wlt62 x19co3pv x11tp94h xw4jnvo x1qx5ct2 xfibh0p xiy17q3 x1xsqp64 x1lkfr7t xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl\"><span class=\"xy9tlov x1bhl96m\">&#x270d;&#xfe0f; <\/span><\/span>\u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0927\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000; font-size: 14pt;\" role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"3522\" data-end=\"3534\">\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"3535\" data-end=\"3854\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/a> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@geographynotespdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/a><\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Procedure for Hypothesis Testing\u00a0 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Hypothesis Testing) \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e (Sample) \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Null Hypothesis) \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,74,162],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ba-semester-paper-vii","category-pg-semester-3","category-research-methodology"],"acf":{"test_duration":60,"q1_question":"","q1_option_a":"","q1_option_b":"","q1_option_c":"","q1_option_d":"","q1_correct":"","q1_explanation":"","q2_question":"","q2_option_a":"","q2_option_b":"","q2_option_c":"","q2_option_d":"","q2_correct":"","q2_explanation":"","q3_question":"","q3_option_a":"","q3_option_b":"","q3_option_c":"","q3_option_d":"","q3_correct":"","q3_explanation":"","q4_question":"","q4_option_a":"","q4_option_b":"","q4_option_c":"","q4_option_d":"","q4_correct":"","q4_explanation":"","q5_question":"","q5_option_a":"","q5_option_b":"","q5_option_c":"","q5_option_d":"","q5_correct":"","q5_explanation":"","q6_question":"","q6_option_a":"","q6_option_b":"","q6_option_c":"","q6_option_d":"","q6_correct":"","q6_explanation":"","q7_question":"","q7_option_a":"","q7_option_b":"","q7_option_c":"","q7_option_d":"","q7_correct":"","q7_explanation":"","q8_question":"","q8_option_a":"","q8_option_b":"","q8_option_c":"","q8_option_d":"","q8_correct":"","q8_explanation":"","q9_question":"","q9_option_a":"","q9_option_b":"","q9_option_c":"","q9_option_d":"","q9_correct":"","q9_explanation":"","q10_question":"","q10_option_a":"","q10_option_b":"","q10_option_c":"","q10_option_d":"","q10_correct":"","q10_explanation":"","q11_question":"","q11_option_a":"","q11_option_b":"","q11_option_c":"","q11_option_d":"","q11_correct":"","q11_explanation":"","q12_question":"","q12_option_a":"","q12_option_b":"","q12_option_c":"","q12_option_d":"","q12_correct":"","q12_explanation":"","q13_question":"","q13_option_a":"","q13_option_b":"","q13_option_c":"","q13_option_d":"","q13_correct":"","q13_explanation":"","q14_question":"","q14_option_a":"","q14_option_b":"","q14_option_c":"","q14_option_d":"","q14_correct":"","q14_explanation":"","q15_question":"","q15_option_a":"","q15_option_b":"","q15_option_c":"","q15_option_d":"","q15_correct":"","q15_explanation":"","q16_question":"","q16_option_a":"","q16_option_b":"","q16_option_c":"","q16_option_d":"","q16_correct":"","q16_explanation":"","q17_question":"","q17_option_a":"","q17_option_b":"","q17_option_c":"","q17_option_d":"","q17_correct":"","q17_explanation":"","q18_question":"","q18_option_a":"","q18_option_b":"","q18_option_c":"","q18_option_d":"","q18_correct":"","q18_explanation":"","q19_question":"","q19_option_a":"","q19_option_b":"","q19_option_c":"","q19_option_d":"","q19_correct":"","q19_explanation":"","q20_question":"","q20_option_a":"","q20_option_b":"","q20_option_c":"","q20_option_d":"","q20_correct":"","q20_explanation":"","q21_question":"","q21_option_a":"","q21_option_b":"","q21_option_c":"","q21_option_d":"","q21_correct":"","q21_explanation":"","q22_question":"","q22_option_a":"","q22_option_b":"","q22_option_c":"","q22_option_d":"","q22_correct":"","q22_explanation":"","q23_question":"","q23_option_a":"","q23_option_b":"","q23_option_c":"","q23_option_d":"","q23_correct":"","q23_explanation":"","q24_question":"","q24_option_a":"","q24_option_b":"","q24_option_c":"","q24_option_d":"","q24_correct":"","q24_explanation":"","q25_question":"","q25_option_a":"","q25_option_b":"","q25_option_c":"","q25_option_d":"","q25_correct":"","q25_explanation":"","q26_question":"","q26_option_a":"","q26_option_b":"","q26_option_c":"","q26_option_d":"","q26_correct":"","q26_explanation":"","q27_question":"","q27_option_a":"","q27_option_b":"","q27_option_c":"","q27_option_d":"","q27_correct":"","q27_explanation":"","q28_question":"","q28_option_a":"","q28_option_b":"","q28_option_c":"","q28_option_d":"","q28_correct":"","q28_explanation":"","q29_question":"","q29_option_a":"","q29_option_b":"","q29_option_c":"","q29_option_d":"","q29_correct":"","q29_explanation":"","q30_question":"","q30_option_a":"","q30_option_b":"","q30_option_c":"","q30_option_d":"","q30_correct":"","q30_explanation":"","q31_question":"","q31_option_a":"","q31_option_b":"","q31_option_c":"","q31_option_d":"","q31_correct":"","q31_explanation":"","q32_question":"","q32_option_a":"","q32_option_b":"","q32_option_c":"","q32_option_d":"","q32_correct":"","q32_explanation":"","q33_question":"","q33_option_a":"","q33_option_b":"","q33_option_c":"","q33_option_d":"","q33_correct":"","q33_explanation":"","q34_question":"","q34_option_a":"","q34_option_b":"","q34_option_c":"","q34_option_d":"","q34_correct":"","q34_explanation":"","q35_question":"","q35_option_a":"","q35_option_b":"","q35_option_c":"","q35_option_d":"","q35_correct":"","q35_explanation":"","q36_question":"","q36_option_a":"","q36_option_b":"","q36_option_c":"","q36_option_d":"","q36_correct":"","q36_explanation":"","q37_q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