{"id":21552,"date":"2026-07-29T17:38:34","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T12:08:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/?p=21552"},"modified":"2026-09-25T21:30:38","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T16:00:38","slug":"hypothesis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/hypothesis\/","title":{"rendered":"14. Hypothesis: Concept and Types \/ \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e : \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
\n

Hypothesis: Concept and Types\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e : \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"Hypothesis\"<\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(Introduction)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 (Research) \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Hypothesis)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 (Tentative Answer)<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (Theory) \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 (Meaning of Hypothesis):-<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Hypothesis<\/strong> \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948-<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e Hypo<\/strong> = \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \/ \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e Thesis<\/strong> = \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \/ \u0915\u0925\u0928<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 Hypothesis<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948- <\/span>“\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0939\u094b\u0964”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 “\u092a\u0930\u093f + \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e” \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f<\/strong> = \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u0914\u0930 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong> = \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

(1) Kerlinger- <\/span><\/strong><\/span>“\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0926\u094b \u092f\u093e \u0926\u094b \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(2) George G. Mouly- <\/span><\/strong><\/span>“\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(3) Good and Hatt- <\/span><\/strong><\/span>“\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0917\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0917\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0938\u092e\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u091a\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0905\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0928\u090f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Characteristics of a Good Hypothesis)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0924\u092d\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915, \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f, \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948-<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f (Testable):-<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902, \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0932 (Clear and Simple):-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0932, \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 (Logical):-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915, \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094b\u091a \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(4) \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 (Based on Facts and Theory):-<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(5) \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 (Relevant):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u091f\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(6) \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f (Specific):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f)- <\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 “\u092a\u091f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928\u0928 \u0926\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/span><\/p>\n

(7) \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 (Objective):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(8) \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940\u092f (Measurable):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 (Variables) \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(9) \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f (Generalisable):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(10) \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 (Practical):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u092f, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/h1>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-1 (\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0“\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u0930 (Independent Variable):<\/strong> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0906\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0930 (Dependent Variable):<\/strong> \u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-2 (\u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 “\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-3 (\u0928\u0917\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0“\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0928\u0917\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/span><\/p>\n

Note:- Good Hypothesis = SMART<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S<\/strong> – Specific (\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f)<\/span><\/p>\n

M<\/strong> – Measurable (\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940\u092f)<\/span><\/p>\n

A<\/strong> – Achievable (\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915)<\/span><\/p>\n

R<\/strong> – Relevant (\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924)<\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/strong> – Testable (\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(Types of Hypothesis)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-<\/span><\/p>\n

A. \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 (Variables) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

B. \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C. \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Hypothesis\"<\/span><\/p>\n

A. \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930<\/span><\/h1>\n

(1) \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Simple Hypothesis):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 (Variables)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/h3>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Independent) \u0924\u0925\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 (Dependent) \u091a\u0930\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0“\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Independent Variable \u2192 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Dependent Variable \u2192 \u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Complex Hypothesis):-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901-<\/span><\/h3>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 Variables<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

“\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0906\u092f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964”<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902- \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0906\u092f, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0906\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0930- \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u0905\u0924\u0903 \u092f\u0939 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

B. \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930<\/span><\/h1>\n

(1) \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Universal Hypothesis):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u092f\u0939 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

“\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

“\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Existential Hypothesis):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

“\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u091c\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0918\u091f \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00a0 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

C. \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930<\/span><\/h1>\n

(1) \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Research Hypothesis \/ H\u2081):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0936\u0940\u0932 (Working) \u092f\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-<\/span><\/h3>\n
\n

“\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0917\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948- H\u2081<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Null Hypothesis \/ H\u2080)<\/span><\/h2>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-<\/span><\/h3>\n
\n

“\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915- H\u2080<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Statistical Hypothesis):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u091c\u092c H\u2080 \u0924\u0925\u093e H\u2081 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u092c \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u092f\u0926\u093f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03bc\u2081 = \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0914\u0938\u0924<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03bc\u2082 = \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0914\u0938\u0924<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0924\u094b<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u2080 : \u03bc\u2081 = \u03bc\u2082<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u2081 : \u03bc\u2081 \u2260 \u03bc\u2082<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(Sources of Hypothesis)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935, \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

(1) \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 (Review of Literature):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0936\u094b\u0927-\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a “\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940”<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917, Census, \u0936\u094b\u0927-\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (Science and Theory):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a, \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0928\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-<\/strong> Central Place Theory, Von Th\u00fcnen Theory, Demographic Transition Theory<\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f (Culture):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

“\u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964”<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

(4) \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 (Personal Experience):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0909\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u0922\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(5) \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 (Creative Thinking):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094b (Munro) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940 (Preparation), \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (Development), \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e (Inspiration) \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Verification) \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

(6) \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e (Discussion with Experts):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e, \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u0940 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0947\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930” \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(7) \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 (Previous Research):-<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0928\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u091c\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(Functions and Importance of Hypothesis)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 “\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e (Foundation of Research)”<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

(1) \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e (Provides Direction):-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948-<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

“\u0928\u0917\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964”<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u0924\u094b \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 (Selection of Relevant Facts):-<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u091a\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0922\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935”<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0928\u0926\u0940, \u092b\u0938\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Replication) \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e:-<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(4) \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e (Helps in Drawing Conclusions):-<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Accepted) \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Rejected)\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(5) \u0928\u090f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e:-<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u091c\u092c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Importance of Hypothesis)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u0938\u092e\u092f, \u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u091a\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(4) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(5) \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(6) \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 (Objective) \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(7) \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(8) \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937:<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/a><\/span> \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0936\u094b\u0927<\/a><\/strong><\/span> \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f, \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915, \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0928\u090f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hypothesis: Concept and Types\u00a0 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e : \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f (Introduction) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 (Research) \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Hypothesis) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0938 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