{"id":20923,"date":"2026-03-17T22:50:21","date_gmt":"2026-03-17T17:20:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/?p=20923"},"modified":"2026-03-19T08:57:37","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T03:27:37","slug":"centro-graphic-techniques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/centro-graphic-techniques\/","title":{"rendered":"3. Centro- Graphic Techniques- Histogram and Frequency Polygon \/ \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915- \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u0941\u091c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
Centro- Graphic Techniques- Histogram and Frequency Polygon <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915- \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u0941\u091c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f (Introduction):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948 Centro-Graphic Techniques, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 (Distribution) \u0915\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (Histogram) \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u0941\u091c (Frequency Polygon) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(Histogram)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 (Class Interval) \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0948\u0924\u093f\u091c \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 (X-axis) \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Frequency) \u0915\u094b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 (Y-axis) \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092f\u0924 (Rectangles) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0909\u0938 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 (Continuous Series) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e (Definition):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 (Class Interval) \u0915\u094b X-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Frequency) \u0915\u094b Y-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Rectangles) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Characteristics):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

(i) \u0906\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f (Rectangular Form):-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0906\u092f\u0924\u094b\u0902 (Rectangles) \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 (Class Interval) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u0906\u092f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 (No Gap):-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0924\u0924 (Continuous) \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0948\u0924\u093f\u091c \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 (X-axis):-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0X-axis \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 0\u201310, 10\u201320 \u0906\u0926\u093f) \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(iv) \u090a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Y-axis):-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Y-axis \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Frequency) \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(v) \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0909\u0938 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u2192 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(vi) \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0939\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(vii) \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 Continuous Series \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(viii) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u2014\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092e\u093f\u0924 (Symmetrical), \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 (Skewed) \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(ix) \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0915 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0915 (Mode) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(x) \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924\u093f:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u092f\u0939 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f (Steps):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 (Continuous Series) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0905\u0938\u0924\u0924 (Discrete) \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 (Class Interval) \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 0\u201310, 10\u201320, 20\u201330) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 (Class Width) \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Frequency) \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 (Axes) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
    \n
  • X-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 (Horizontal Axis) \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  • Y-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 (Vertical Axis) \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Frequency) \u0905\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932 (Scale) \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0906\u092f\u0924 (Rectangles) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 = \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 = \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0917\u0948\u092a \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      ✍️ <\/span><\/span>\u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 (\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Frequency Density) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Frequency Density = Frequency\/Class Width<\/span>\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0\u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      (Marks of Students)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
      \n
      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u0905\u0902\u0915 (Marks)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Frequency)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      0\u201310<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      10\u201320<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      20\u201330<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n12<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      30\u201340<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n7<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      40\u201350<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n3<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      \u091a\u0930\u0923 1: \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      \u21d2 X-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 (0\u201310, 10\u201320, \u2026)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u21d2 Y-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (5, 8, 12, 7, 3)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u091a\u0930\u0923 2: \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      0\u201310 \u2192 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 = 5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      10\u201320 \u2192 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 = 8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      20\u201330 \u2192 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 = 12<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      30\u201340 \u2192 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 = 7<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      40\u201350 \u2192 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 = 3<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0928\u094b\u091f: \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0924 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 (\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0917\u0948\u092a \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e)\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u091a\u0930\u0923 3: \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      \u21d2 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f 20\u201330 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 (Modal Class) \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u21d2 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u0930 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0915 20\u201330 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \"Centro-\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 (Uses):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0915 (Mode) \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u0941\u091c <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      (Frequency Polygon)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u0941\u091c \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 (Mid-points) \u0915\u094b X-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b Y-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u0941\u091c \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u0941\u091c \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e (Definition):<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u0941\u091c \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 (Mid-point) \u0915\u094b X-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b Y-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Characteristics):<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      \u092f\u0939 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b (Line Graph) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u0941\u091c \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u0926\u094b \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f (Steps):<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 (Mid-point) \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>X-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0914\u0930 Y-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
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      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n

      (Marks of Students)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
      \n
      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u0905\u0902\u0915 (Marks)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Frequency)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      0\u201310<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n5<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      10\u201320<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n8<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      20\u201330<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n12<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      30\u201340<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n7<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      40\u201350<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n3<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      \u091a\u0930\u0923 1: \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 (Mid-point) \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \n
      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      0\u201310<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n5<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n5<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      10\u201320<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n8<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n15<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      20\u201330<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n12<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n25<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      30\u201340<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n7<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n35<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      40\u201350<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n3<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n45<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      \u091a\u0930\u0923 2: \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      \u21d2 X-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 (5, 15, 25, 35, 45) \u0932\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u21d2 Y-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (5, 8, 12, 7, 3) \u0932\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u21d2 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 (0,0) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      \"\"\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e (Interpretation):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u21d2 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f 25 (20\u201330 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917) \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u21d2 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u0930 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0915 20\u201330 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 (Uses):<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u0941\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 (Difference):<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
      \n
      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u0941\u091c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      \u0930\u0942\u092a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0906\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Bars)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0930\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f (Line)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0906\u092f\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Importance):<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u092f\u0947 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      ✍️\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u0936\u094b\u0927, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Centro- Graphic Techniques- Histogram and Frequency Polygon \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915- \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u0941\u091c \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f (Introduction): \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948 Centro-Graphic Techniques, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 (Distribution) \u0915\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u0915\u0947 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,162],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ba-semester-paper-iv","category-research-methodology"],"acf":{"test_duration":60,"q1_question":"","q1_option_a":"","q1_option_b":"","q1_option_c":"","q1_option_d":"","q1_correct":"","q1_explanation":"","q2_question":"","q2_option_a":"","q2_option_b":"","q2_option_c":"","q2_option_d":"","q2_correct":"","q2_explanation":"","q3_question":"","q3_option_a":"","q3_option_b":"","q3_option_c":"","q3_option_d":"","q3_correct":"","q3_explanation":"","q4_question":"","q4_option_a":"","q4_option_b":"","q4_option_c":"","q4_option_d":"","q4_correct":"","q4_explanation":"","q5_question":"","q5_option_a":"","q5_option_b":"","q5_option_c":"","q5_option_d":"","q5_correct":"","q5_explanation":"","q6_question":"","q6_option_a":"","q6_option_b":"","q6_option_c":"","q6_option_d":"","q6_correct":"","q6_explanation":"","q7_question":"","q7_option_a":"","q7_option_b":"","q7_option_c":"","q7_option_d":"","q7_correct":"","q7_explanation":"","q8_question":"","q8_option_a":"","q8_option_b":"","q8_option_c":"","q8_option_d":"","q8_correct":"","q8_explanation":"","q9_question":"","q9_option_a":"","q9_option_b":"","q9_option_c":"","q9_option_d":"","q9_correct":"","q9_explanation":"","q10_question":"","q10_option_a":"","q10_option_b":"","q10_option_c":"","q10_option_d":"","q10_correct":"","q10_explanation":"","q11_question":"","q11_option_a":"","q11_option_b":"","q11_option_c":"","q11_option_d":"","q11_correct":"","q11_explanation":"","q12_question":"","q12_option_a":"","q12_option_b":"","q12_option_c":"","q12_option_d":"","q12_correct":"","q12_explanation":"","q13_question":"","q13_option_a":"","q13_option_b":"","q13_option_c":"","q13_option_d":"","q13_correct":"","q13_explanation":"","q14_question":"","q14_option_a":"","q14_option_b":"","q14_option_c":"","q14_option_d":"","q14_correct":"","q14_explanation":"","q15_question":"","q15_option_a":"","q15_option_b":"","q15_option_c":"","q15_option_d":"","q15_correct":"","q15_explanation":"","q16_question":"","q16_option_a":"","q16_option_b":"","q16_option_c":"","q16_option_d":"","q16_correct":"","q16_explanation":"","q17_question":"","q17_option_a":"","q17_option_b":"","q17_option_c":"","q17_option_d":"","q17_correct":"","q17_explanation":"","q18_question":"","q18_option_a":"","q18_option_b":"","q18_option_c":"","q18_option_d":"","q18_correct":"","q18_explanation":"","q19_question":"","q19_option_a":"","q19_option_b":"","q19_option_c":"","q19_option_d":"","q19_correct":"","q19_explanation":"","q20_question":"","q20_option_a":"","q20_option_b":"","q20_option_c":"","q20_option_d":"","q20_correct":"","q20_explanation":"","q21_question":"","q21_option_a":"","q21_option_b":"","q21_option_c":"","q21_option_d":"","q21_correct":"","q21_explanation":"","q22_question":"","q22_option_a":"","q22_option_b":"","q22_option_c":"","q22_option_d":"","q22_correct":"","q22_explanation":"","q23_question":"","q23_option_a":"","q23_option_b":"","q23_option_c":"","q23_option_d":"","q23_correct":"","q23_explanation":"","q24_question":"","q24_option_a":"","q24_option_b":"","q24_option_c":"","q24_option_d":"","q24_correct":"","q24_explanation":"","q25_question":"","q25_option_a":"","q25_option_b":"","q25_option_c":"","q25_option_d":"","q25_correct":"","q25_explanation":"","q26_question":"","q26_option_a":"","q26_option_b":"","q26_option_c":"","q26_option_d":"","q26_correct":"","q26_explanation":"","q27_question":"","q27_option_a":"","q27_option_b":"","q27_option_c":"","q27_option_d":"","q27_correct":"","q27_explanation":"","q28_question":"","q28_option_a":"","q28_option_b":"","q28_option_c":"","q28_option_d":"","q28_correct":"","q28_explanation":"","q29_question":"","q29_option_a":"","q29_option_b":"","q29_option_c":"","q29_option_d":"","q29_correct":"","q29_explanation":"","q30_question":"","q30_option_a":"","q30_option_b":"","q30_option_c":"","q30_option_d":"","q30_correct":"","q30_explanation":"","q31_question":"","q31_option_a":"","q31_option_b":"","q31_option_c":"","q31_option_d":"","q31_correct":"","q31_explanation":"","q32_question":"","q32_option_a":"","q32_option_b":"","q32_option_c":"","q32_option_d":"","q32_correct":"","q32_explanation":"","q33_question":"","q33_option_a":"","q33_option_b":"","q33_option_c":"","q33_option_d":"","q33_correct":"","q33_explanation":"","q34_question":"","q34_option_a":"","q34_option_b":"","q34_option_c":"","q34_option_d":"","q34_correct":"","q34_explanation":"","q35_question":"","q35_option_a":"","q35_option_b":"","q35_option_c":"","q35_option_d":"","q35_correct":"","q35_explanation":"","q36_question":"","q36_option_a":"","q36_option_b":"","q36_option_c":"","q36_option_d":"","q36_correct":"","q36_explanation":"","q37_question":"","q37_option_a":"","q37_o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