{"id":20806,"date":"2026-03-08T15:40:22","date_gmt":"2026-03-08T10:10:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/?p=20806"},"modified":"2026-04-10T22:12:16","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T16:42:16","slug":"methods-of-primary-data-collection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/methods-of-primary-data-collection\/","title":{"rendered":"1. Methods of Primary Data Collection \/ \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
\n

Methods of Primary Data Collection <\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Methods of Primary Data Collection<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f (Introduction)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 (Primary Data) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Field) \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 In social sciences, geography, economics, education, and other research fields, primary data plays a very important role. Primary data refers to the data that is collected directly from the field by the researcher.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092f\u0947 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f (Reliable), \u092f\u0925\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u092a\u0930\u0915 (Realistic) \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 (Accurate) \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0These data are considered more reliable, realistic, and accurate because they are obtained directly from the original source.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 The main methods of collecting primary data are-<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f (Questionnaire Method)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f (Schedule Method)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

3. \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f (Interview Method)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

4. \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f (Observation Method)\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

5. \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Field Survey)\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

6. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Experiment)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 (Questionnaire)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 (Meaning of Questionnaire)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0A questionnaire is a systematic written set of questions given to respondents so that they can write their answers themselves. The questions are predetermined according to the research objectives.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e (Definition)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 A questionnaire is a research tool through which a researcher collects information from respondents using written questions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Characteristics of Questionnaire)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ \u092f\u0939 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

It is in written form.<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

The respondent reads the questions and answers them independently.<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

Questions are arranged in a systematic and clear manner.<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

It is a low-cost method.<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

It is useful for studies covering large areas and large populations.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Types of Questionnaire<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(i) \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Structured Questionnaire<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 In a structured questionnaire, the questions are predetermined and answer options are provided. The respondent selects the appropriate answer from the given options.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f: \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Topic: Study of Water Availability in an Area<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

What is the main source of water in your household?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(a) \u0928\u0932 \u091c\u0932 \/ Tap Water<\/span><\/p>\n

(b) \u0915\u0941\u0906\u0901 \/ Well<\/span><\/p>\n

(c) \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0921\u092a\u0902\u092a \/ Hand Pump<\/span><\/p>\n

(d) \u091f\u0948\u0902\u0915\u0930 \/ Water Tanker<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Do you receive sufficient water daily?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(a) \u0939\u093e\u0901 \/ Yes<\/span><\/p>\n

(b) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \/ No<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

How serious is the water problem in your area?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(a) \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \/ Very High<\/span><\/p>\n

(b) \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \/ Moderate<\/span><\/p>\n

(c) \u0915\u092e \/ Low<\/span><\/p>\n

(d) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \/ No Problem<\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

How often is water supplied?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(a) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0928 \/ Daily<\/span><\/p>\n

(b) \u0926\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \/ Once in Two Days<\/span><\/p>\n

(c) \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \/ Once a Week<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

Questions are fixed and predetermined.<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

Answer options are already provided.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 (Statistical Analysis) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Unstructured Questionnaire<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 In an unstructured questionnaire, the questions are open and flexible. Respondents are free to express their views in their own words, and predefined answer options are not provided.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f: \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Topic: Study of Water Problems in an Area<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/span><\/p>\n

What do you think about the water situation in your area?<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/span><\/p>\n

According to you, what are the main causes of water shortage?<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/p>\n

How does the water problem affect your daily life?<\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/span><\/p>\n

What measures can be taken to solve the water problem?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 (In Short):<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u0905\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0939\u0928 (In-depth) \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 (Qualitative) \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

Questions are open-ended.<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

Respondents answer freely in their own words.<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Open-ended Questions<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 Open-ended questions are those in which respondents are free to answer in their own words. No fixed answer options are provided.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Examples)<\/span><\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \n

    \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    What are the main causes of water problems in your area?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    In your opinion, what measures should be taken to reduce environmental pollution?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  6. \n

    What steps should the government take for the development of your area?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  7. \n

    \u0906\u092a \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  8. \n

    How do you observe the impacts of climate change in your area?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    ✍️ \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    The respondent answers in their own words.<\/span><\/p>\n

    (iv) \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Close-ended Questions<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092c\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    English:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 Close-ended questions are those in which answer options are already provided, and the respondent has to choose one of the given options.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Examples)<\/span><\/h3>\n

    1. \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u092f\u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/p>\n

    Is there sufficient drinking water facility in your area?<\/span><\/p>\n

    (a) \u0939\u093e\u0901 \/ Yes<\/span><\/p>\n

    (b) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \/ No<\/span><\/p>\n

    2. \u0906\u092a \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/span><\/p>\n

    What type of house do you live in?<\/span><\/p>\n

    (a) \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0918\u0930 \/ Pucca House<\/span><\/p>\n

    (b) \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0918\u0930 \/ Kutcha House<\/span><\/p>\n

    (c) \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e \/ Semi-pucca<\/span><\/p>\n

    3. \u0906\u092a\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/p>\n

    What is your main occupation?<\/span><\/p>\n

    (a) \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \/ Agriculture<\/span><\/p>\n

    (b) \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \/ Business<\/span><\/p>\n

    (c) \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \/ Service<\/span><\/p>\n

    (d) \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \/ Other<\/span><\/p>\n

    4. \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/p>\n

    Is there a road facility in your area?<\/span><\/p>\n

    (a) \u0939\u093e\u0901 \/ Yes<\/span><\/p>\n

    (b) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \/ No<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u2018\u0939\u093e\u0901\/\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u2019, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f (MCQ) \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Examples include Yes\/No questions and Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ).<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Principles of Questionnaire Construction<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Questions should be simple and clear.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Questions should be brief.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Each question should ask only one thing.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Difficult and sensitive questions should be placed at the end.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Avoid technical terms.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Questions should follow a logical order.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Advantages of Questionnaire<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0915\u092e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Information can be collected in less time and at low cost.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    There is less possibility of bias.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Respondents can answer freely.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Data analysis becomes easier.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    Limitations of Questionnaire<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0905\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Not suitable for illiterate respondents.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Questions may be misunderstood.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u0947 (Non-response) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    There may be a problem of non-response.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    It is difficult to obtain emotional or in-depth information.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 (Schedule)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 (Meaning of Schedule):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    English:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 A schedule is a list of questions that is filled in by the researcher or enumerator after asking the respondent directly. The respondent does not need to write the answers themselves.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e (Definition):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    English:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Schedule is a method in which the researcher directly asks questions to the respondent and records the answers.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Characteristics of Schedule):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    It is also a written form of questions.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092d\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    It is filled by the enumerator or researcher.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0905\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    It is suitable for illiterate respondents.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Accuracy of answers is generally higher.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Types of Schedule):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    (i) \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 (Structured Schedule)-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Fixed questions and answer options are provided.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f: \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u092f\u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Topic: Study of Drinking Water Facilities in a Village<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    1 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    What is the main source of water in your household?<\/span><\/p>\n

    (a) \u0928\u0932 \u091c\u0932 \/ Tap Water<\/span><\/p>\n

    (b) \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0921\u092a\u0902\u092a \/ Hand Pump<\/span><\/p>\n

    (c) \u0915\u0941\u0906\u0901 \/ Well<\/span><\/p>\n

    (d) \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \/ Other<\/span><\/p>\n

    2. \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Do you get sufficient water daily?<\/span><\/p>\n

    (a) \u0939\u093e\u0901 \/ Yes<\/span><\/p>\n

    (b) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \/ No<\/span><\/p>\n

    3. \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    How often is water supplied?<\/span><\/p>\n

    (a) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0928 \/ Daily<\/span><\/p>\n

    (b) \u0926\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \/ Once in two days<\/span><\/p>\n

    (c) \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \/ Once a week<\/span><\/p>\n

    4. \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Is there a water problem in your area?<\/span><\/p>\n

    (a) \u0939\u093e\u0901 \/ Yes<\/span><\/p>\n

    (b) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \/ No<\/span><\/p>\n

    (ii) \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 (Unstructured Schedule)-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    It is based on open-ended questions.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u0930 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 (Open-ended Questions)<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    English:<\/strong><\/span>
    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0In an unstructured schedule, questions are not fixed in advance. Most questions are open-ended<\/strong>, and the respondent can answer freely. The researcher or enumerator records the responses.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example)<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f: \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Topic: Study of Environmental Problems in an Area<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    1. \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    What are the major environmental problems in your area?<\/span><\/p>\n

    2. \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    What are the main causes of these problems?<\/span><\/p>\n

    3. \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    According to you, what measures should be taken to protect the environment?<\/span><\/p>\n

    4. \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Have any steps been taken by the government to improve the environment?<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d<\/a> (Advantages of Schedule):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0905\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Information can be collected even from illiterate respondents.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Answers are more complete and accurate.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    The problem of non-response is reduced.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Questions can be explained to the respondents.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/a> (Limitations of Schedule):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    It requires more time and money.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    Trained enumerators are required.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    There is a possibility of personal bias.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ✍️ \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

    It is difficult to use in large areas.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Methods of Primary Data Collection \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 Methods of Primary Data Collection \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f (Introduction) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 (Primary Data) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Field) \u0938\u0947 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[165],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-special-notes-for-ug-pg"],"acf":{"test_duration":60,"q1_question":"","q1_option_a":"","q1_option_b":"","q1_option_c":"","q1_option_d":"","q1_correct":"","q1_explanation":"","q2_question":"","q2_option_a":"","q2_option_b":"","q2_option_c":"","q2_option_d":"","q2_correct":"","q2_explanation":"","q3_question":"","q3_option_a":"","q3_option_b":"","q3_option_c":"","q3_option_d":"","q3_correct":"","q3_explanation":"","q4_question":"","q4_option_a":"","q4_option_b":"","q4_option_c":"","q4_option_d":"","q4_correct":"","q4_explanation":"","q5_question":"","q5_option_a":"","q5_option_b":"","q5_option_c":"","q5_option_d":"","q5_correct":"","q5_explanation":"","q6_question":"","q6_option_a":"","q6_option_b":"","q6_option_c":"","q6_option_d":"","q6_correct":"","q6_explanation":"","q7_question":"","q7_option_a":"","q7_option_b":"","q7_option_c":"","q7_option_d":"","q7_correct":"","q7_explanation":"","q8_question":"","q8_option_a":"","q8_option_b":"","q8_option_c":"","q8_option_d":"","q8_correct":"","q8_explanation":"","q9_question":"","q9_option_a":"","q9_option_b":"","q9_option_c":"","q9_option_d":"","q9_correct":"","q9_explanation":"","q10_question":"","q10_option_a":"","q10_option_b":"","q10_option_c":"","q10_option_d":"","q10_correct":"","q10_explanation":"","q11_question":"","q11_option_a":"","q11_option_b":"","q11_option_c":"","q11_option_d":"","q11_correct":"","q11_explanation":"","q12_question":"","q12_option_a":"","q12_option_b":"","q12_option_c":"","q12_option_d":"","q12_correct":"","q12_explanation":"","q13_question":"","q13_option_a":"","q13_option_b":"","q13_option_c":"","q13_option_d":"","q13_correct":"","q13_explanation":"","q14_question":"","q14_option_a":"","q14_option_b":"","q14_option_c":"","q14_option_d":"","q14_correct":"","q14_explanation":"","q15_question":"","q15_option_a":"","q15_option_b":"","q15_option_c":"","q15_option_d":"","q15_correct":"","q15_explanation":"","q16_question":"","q16_option_a":"","q16_option_b":"","q16_option_c":"","q16_option_d":"","q16_correct":"","q16_explanation":"","q17_question":"","q17_option_a":"","q17_option_b":"","q17_option_c":"","q17_option_d":"","q17_correct":"","q17_explanation":"","q18_question":"","q18_option_a":"","q18_option_b":"","q18_option_c":"","q18_option_d":"","q18_correct":"","q18_explanation":"","q19_question":"","q19_option_a":"","q19_option_b":"","q19_option_c":"","q19_option_d":"","q19_correct":"","q19_explanation":"","q20_question":"","q20_option_a":"","q20_option_b":"","q20_option_c":"","q20_option_d":"","q20_correct":"","q20_explanation":"","q21_question":"","q21_option_a":"","q21_option_b":"","q21_option_c":"","q21_option_d":"","q21_correct":"","q21_explanation":"","q22_question":"","q22_option_a":"","q22_option_b":"","q22_option_c":"","q22_option_d":"","q22_correct":"","q22_explanation":"","q23_question":"","q23_option_a":"","q23_option_b":"","q23_option_c":"","q23_option_d":"","q23_correct":"","q23_explanation":"","q24_question":"","q24_option_a":"","q24_option_b":"","q24_option_c":"","q24_option_d":"","q24_correct":"","q24_explanation":"","q25_question":"","q25_option_a":"","q25_option_b":"","q25_option_c":"","q25_option_d":"","q25_correct":"","q25_explanation":"","q26_question":"","q26_option_a":"","q26_option_b":"","q26_option_c":"","q26_option_d":"","q26_correct":"","q26_explanation":"","q27_question":"","q27_option_a":"","q27_option_b":"","q27_option_c":"","q27_option_d":"","q27_correct":"","q27_explanation":"","q28_question":"","q28_option_a":"","q28_option_b":"","q28_option_c":"","q28_option_d":"","q28_correct":"","q28_explanation":"","q29_question":"","q29_option_a":"","q29_option_b":"","q29_option_c":"","q29_option_d":"","q29_correct":"","q29_explanation":"","q30_question":"","q30_option_a":"","q30_option_b":"","q30_option_c":"","q30_option_d":"","q30_correct":"","q30_explanation":"","q31_question":"","q31_option_a":"","q31_option_b":"","q31_option_c":"","q31_option_d":"","q31_correct":"","q31_explanation":"","q32_question":"","q32_option_a":"","q32_option_b":"","q32_option_c":"","q32_option_d":"","q32_correct":"","q32_explanation":"","q33_question":"","q33_option_a":"","q33_option_b":"","q33_option_c":"","q33_option_d":"","q33_correct":"","q33_explanation":"","q34_question":"","q34_option_a":"","q34_option_b":"","q34_option_c":"","q34_option_d":"","q34_correct":"","q34_explanation":"","q35_question":"","q35_option_a":"","q35_option_b":"","q35_option_c":"","q35_option_d":"","q35_correct":"","q35_explanation":"","q36_question":"","q36_option_a":"","q36_option_b":"","q36_option_c":"","q36_option_d":"","q36_correct":"","q36_explanation":"","q37_question":"","q37_option_a":"","q37_option_b":"","q37_option_c":"","q37_option_d":"","q37_correct":"","q37_explanation":"","q38_question":"","q38_option_a":"","q38_option_b":"","q38_option_c":"","q38_option_d":"","q38_correct":"","q38_explanation":"","q39_question":"","q39_option_a":"","q39_option_b":"","q39_option_c":"","q39_option_d":"","q39_correct":"","q39_explanation":"","q40_question":"","q40_option_a":"","q40_option_b":"","q40_option_c":"","q40_option_d":"","q40_correct":"","q40_explanation":"","q41_question":"","q41_option_a":"","q41_option_b":"","q41_option_c":"","q41_option_d":"","q41_correct":"","q41_explanation":"","q42_question":"","q42_option_a":"","q42_option_b":"","q42_option_c":"","q42_option_d":"","q42_correct":"","q42_explanation":"","q43_question":"","q43_option_a":"","q43_option_b":"","q43_option_c":"","q43_option_d":"","q43_correct":"","q43_explanation":"","q44_question":"","q44_option_a":"","q44_option_b":"","q44_option_c":"","q44_option_d":"","q44_correct":"","q44_explanation":"","q45_question":"","q45_option_a":"","q45_option_b":"","q45_option_c":"","q45_option_d":"","q45_correct":"","q45_explanation":"","q46_question":"","q46_option_a":"","q46_option_b":"","q46_option_c":"","q46_option_d":"","q46_correct":"","q46_explanation":"","q47_question":"","q47_option_a":"","q47_option_b":"","q47_option_c":"","q47_option_d":"","q47_correct":"","q47_explanation":"","q48_question":"","q48_option_a":"","q48_option_b":"","q48_option_c":"","q48_option_d":"","q48_correct":"","q48_explanation":"","q49_question":"","q49_option_a":"","q49_option_b":"","q49_option_c":"","q49_option_d":"","q49_correct":"","q49_explanation":"","q50_question":"","q50_option_a":"","q50_option_b":"","q50_option_c":"","q50_option_d":"","q50_correct":"","q50_explanation":"","q51_question":"","q51_option_a":"","q51_option_b":"","q51_option_c":"","q51_option_d":"","q51_correct":"","q51_explanation":"","q52_question":"","q52_option_a":"","q52_option_b":"","q52_option_c":"","q52_option_d":"","q52_correct":"","q52_explanation":"","q53_question":"","q53_option_a":"","q53_option_b":"","q53_option_c":"","q53_option_d":"","q53_correct":"","q53_explanation":"","q54_question":"","q54_option_a":"","q54_option_b":"","q54_option_c":"","q54_option_d":"","q54_correct":"","q54_explanation":"","q55_question":"","q55_option_a":"","q55_option_b":"","q55_option_c":"","q55_option_d":"","q55_correct":"","q55_explanation":"","q56_question":"","q56_option_a":"","q56_option_b":"","q56_option_c":"","q56_option_d":"","q56_correct":"","q56_explanation":"","q57_question":"","q57_option_a":"","q57_option_b":"","q57_option_c":"","q57_option_d":"","q57_correct":"","q57_explanation":"","q58_question":"","q58_option_a":"","q58_option_b":"","q58_option_c":"","q58_option_d":"","q58_correct":"","q58_explanation":"","q59_question":"","q59_option_a":"","q59_option_b":"","q59_option_c":"","q59_option_d":"","q59_correct":"","q59_explanation":"","q60_question":"","q60_option_a":"","q60_option_b":"","q60_option_c":"","q60_option_d":"","q60_correct":"","q60_explanation":"","q61_question":"","q61_option_a":"","q61_option_b":"","q61_option_c":"","q61_option_d":"","q61_correct":"","q61_explanation":"","q62_question":"","q62_option_a":"","q62_option_b":"","q62_option_c":"","q62_option_d":"","q62_correct":"","q62_explanation":"","q63_question":"","q63_option_a":"","q63_option_b":"","q63_option_c":"","q63_option_d":"","q63_correct":"","q63_explanation":"","q64_question":"","q64_option_a":"","q64_option_b":"","q64_option_c":"","q64_option_d":"","q64_correct":"","q64_explanation":"","q65_question":"","q65_option_a":"","q65_option_b":"","q65_option_c":"","q65_option_d":"","q65_correct":"","q65_explanation":"","q66_question":"","q66_option_a":"","q66_option_b":"","q66_option_c":"","q66_option_d":"","q66_correct":"","q66_explanation":"","q67_question":"","q67_option_a":"","q67_option_b":"","q67_option_c":"","q67_option_d":"","q67_correct":"","q67_explanation":"","q68_question":"","q68_option_a":"","q68_option_b":"","q68_option_c":"","q68_option_d":"","q68_correct":"","q68_explanation":"","q69_question":"","q69_option_a":"","q69_option_b":"","q69_option_c":"","q69_option_d":"","q69_correct":"","q69_explanation":"","q70_question":"","q70_option_a":"","q70_option_b":"","q70_option_c":"","q70_option_d":"","q70_correct":"","q70_explanation":"","q71_question":"","q71_option_a":"","q71_option_b":"","q71_option_c":"","q71_option_d":"","q71_correct":"","q71_explanation":"","q72_question":"","q72_option_a":"","q72_option_b":"","q72_option_c":"","q72_option_d":"","q72_correct":"","q72_explanation":"","q73_question":"","q73_option_a":"","q73_option_b":"","q73_option_c":"","q73_option_d":"","q73_correct":"","q73_explanation":"","q74_question":"","q74_option_a":"","q74_option_b":"","q74_option_c":"","q74_option_d":"","q74_correct":"","q74_explanation":"","q75_question":"","q75_option_a":"","q75_option_b":"","q75_option_c":"","q75_option_d":"","q75_correct":"","q75_explanation":"","q76_question":"","q76_option_a":"","q76_option_b":"","q76_option_c":"","q76_option_d":"","q76_correct":"","q76_explanation":"","q77_question":"","q77_option_a":"","q77_option_b":"","q77_option_c":"","q77_option_d":"","q77_correct":"","q77_explanation":"","q78_question":"","q78_option_a":"","q78_option_b":"","q78_option_c":"","q78_option_d":"","q78_correct":"","q78_explanation":"","q79_question":"","q79_option_a":"","q79_option_b":"","q79_option_c":"","q79_option_d":"","q79_correct":"","q79_explanation":"","q80_question":"","q80_option_a":"","q80_option_b":"","q80_option_c":"","q80_option_d":"","q80_correct":"","q80_explanation":"","q81_question":"","q81_option_a":"","q81_option_b":"","q81_option_c":"","q81_option_d":"","q81_correct":"","q81_explanation":"","q82_question":"","q82_option_a":"","q82_option_b":"","q82_option_c":"","q82_option_d":"","q82_correct":"","q82_explanation":"","q83_question":"","q83_option_a":"","q83_option_b":"","q83_option_c":"","q83_option_d":"","q83_correct":"","q83_explanation":"","q84_question":"","q84_option_a":"","q84_option_b":"","q84_option_c":"","q84_option_d":"","q84_correct":"","q84_explanation":"","q85_question":"","q85_option_a":"","q85_option_b":"","q85_option_c":"","q85_option_d":"","q85_correct":"","q85_explanation":"","q86_question":"","q86_option_a":"","q86_option_b":"","q86_option_c":"","q86_option_d":"","q86_correct":"","q86_explanation":"","q87_question":"","q87_option_a":"","q87_option_b":"","q87_option_c":"","q87_option_d":"","q87_correct":"","q87_explanation":"","q88_question":"","q88_option_a":"","q88_option_b":"","q88_option_c":"","q88_option_d":"","q88_correct":"","q88_explanation":"","q89_question":"","q89_option_a":"","q89_option_b":"","q89_option_c":"","q89_option_d":"","q89_correct":"","q89_explanation":"","q90_question":"","q90_option_a":"","q90_option_b":"","q90_option_c":"","q90_option_d":"","q90_correct":"","q90_explanation":"","q91_question":"","q91_option_a":"","q91_option_b":"","q91_option_c":"","q91_option_d":"","q91_correct":"","q91_explanation":"","q92_question":"","q92_option_a":"","q92_option_b":"","q92_option_c":"","q92_option_d":"","q92_correct":"","q92_explanation":"","q93_question":"","q93_option_a":"","q93_option_b":"","q93_option_c":"","q93_option_d":"","q93_correct":"","q93_explanation":"","q94_question":"","q94_option_a":"","q94_option_b":"","q94_option_c":"","q94_option_d":"","q94_correct":"","q94_explanation":"","q95_question":"","q95_option_a":"","q95_option_b":"","q95_option_c":"","q95_option_d":"","q95_correct":"","q95_explanation":"","q96_question":"","q96_option_a":"","q96_option_b":"","q96_option_c":"","q96_option_d":"","q96_correct":"","q96_explanation":"","q97_question":"","q97_option_a":"","q97_option_b":"","q97_option_c":"","q97_option_d":"","q97_correct":"","q97_explanation":"","q98_question":"","q98_option_a":"","q98_option_b":"","q98_option_c":"","q98_option_d":"","q98_correct":"","q98_explanation":"","q99_question":"","q99_option_a":"","q99_option_b":"","q99_option_c":"","q99_option_d":"","q99_correct":"","q99_explanation":"","q100_question":"","q100_option_a":"","q100_option_b":"","q100_option_c":"","q100_option_d":"","q100_correct":"","q100_explanation":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20806"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20806\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21112,"href":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20806\/revisions\/21112"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}