{"id":20786,"date":"2026-03-07T09:23:17","date_gmt":"2026-03-07T03:53:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/?p=20786"},"modified":"2026-03-08T12:23:23","modified_gmt":"2026-03-08T06:53:23","slug":"2-soil-pollution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/2-soil-pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"2. Soil Pollution \/ \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
\n

Soil Pollution\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

\u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 (Definition) \/ Meaning of Soil Pollution:<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u091c\u092c \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915, \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0When physical, chemical, or biological substances mix with soil and reduce its natural quality and fertility, making it unsuitable for agriculture, it is called soil pollution.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 (In Simple Words):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u091c\u092c \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u091c\u093e\u090a \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0918\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0938\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0909\u0917\u0924\u0940\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0When the fertility of soil decreases and crops cannot grow properly in it, it is known as soil pollution.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 (Causes of Soil Pollution):<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0The degradation of soil quality occurs in two ways:-<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f (Negative Degradation)<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u21d2 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Essential nutrients of soil dissolve in water or are washed away.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 This reduces the fertility of soil.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 It mainly occurs due to natural factors.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0927\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f (Positive Degradation)<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u21d2 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 – \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u091a\u0930\u093e, \u0915\u0940\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Harmful external substances mix with the soil.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Such as chemicals, industrial waste, pesticides.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 This mainly occurs due to human activities.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0935\u0943\u0939\u0926\u094d \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 Thus, the causes of soil pollution can be divided into two broad categories:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 (Natural \/ Physical Factors)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 (Human Factors)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 (Natural \/ Physical Factors)<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924-<\/span>
These factors depend on climatic and geographical conditions. These include:<\/span><\/p>\n

(i) \u092d\u0942-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923 (Soil Erosion)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u092c\u0939 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092c\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 The upper layer of soil is washed away by water and wind.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 This makes the land barren.<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u091c\u0932\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e (Waterlogging)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u091c\u092c \u092d\u0942\u091c\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0924\u0915 \u0906 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0926\u0932\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 When the groundwater level reaches the surface of the land.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 The land becomes marshy and unsuitable for agriculture.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Soil

\u091c\u0932\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e (Waterlogging)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

(iii) \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0918\u093e\u0938 (Kans Grass)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u092f\u0939 \u0918\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 This grass does not allow other plants to grow.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0918\u093e\u0938 (Kans Grass)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

(iv) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Extreme temperatures destroy useful soil bacteria.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 (Human Factors)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(i) \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f (Agricultural Activities)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0915\u0940\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0930\u092a\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u091d\u0942\u092e \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Excessive use of chemical fertilizers<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Use of pesticides and herbicides<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Excessive irrigation<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Shifting cultivation<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Industrial Activities)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u091a\u0930\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0910\u0936<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u091a\u0930\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Factory waste<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Fly ash<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Chemical waste<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Nuclear waste<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u0928\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Urban Activities)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0915\u091a\u0930\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0938\u0940\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0915<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Solid waste<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Sewage water<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Pollutants emitted from vehicles<\/span><\/p>\n

(iv) \u0916\u0928\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f (Mining Activities)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u0916\u0928\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u0915\u0948\u0921\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u0921<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Heavy metals accumulate in soil due to mining<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Such as cadmium, mercury, and lead<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (Effects of Soil Pollution)<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(i) \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (Effect on Soil)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 pH \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u093f\u0917\u0921\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Soil fertility decreases<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Soil pH value becomes imbalanced<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Soil structure deteriorates<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (Effect on Water)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u091c\u0932 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Polluted soil also contaminates rivers and groundwater.<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (Effect on Plants)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0930\u0941\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u092e\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Plant growth stops<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Leaves turn yellow<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Plants may die<\/span><\/p>\n

(iv) \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (Effect on Human Health)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u091c\u0939\u0930\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u090f\u0928\u0940\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0917\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u0909\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940, \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Toxic metals enter the human body<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Diseases such as anemia, kidney disease, vomiting, and poisoning<\/span><\/p>\n

(v) \u092a\u0936\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (Effect on Animals)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0915\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Animals become sick by eating polluted fodder<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Sometimes they may even die.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f (Control Measures)<\/span><\/p>\n

(i) \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 (Afforestation)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Planting trees reduces soil erosion.<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f (Scientific Agriculture)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Fertilizers should be used only after soil testing.<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 (Use of Organic Manure)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u0917\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0926<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0916\u093e\u0926<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Cowdung manure<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Compost manure<\/span><\/p>\n

(iv) \u0915\u0940\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 (Limited Use of Pesticides)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 They should be used only when necessary.<\/span><\/p>\n

(v) \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0915\u091a\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 (Proper Management of Solid Waste)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u0928\u0917\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u091a\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Scientific disposal of urban waste.<\/span><\/p>\n

(vi) \u092e\u0932-\u091c\u0932 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Sewage Treatment Plants)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u0917\u0902\u0926\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092b \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Wastewater should be treated before use.<\/span><\/p>\n

(vii) \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 (Biotechnology)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u091a\u0941\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Earthworms and microorganisms increase soil fertility.<\/span><\/p>\n

(viii) \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 (Land Conservation Techniques)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u0938\u092e\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u091c\u0941\u0924\u093e\u0908<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0921\u093c \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Contour ploughing<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 Building bunds and embankments<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 (Conclusion):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0906\u091c \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f, \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0939\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

English:<\/span>
\u00a0 \u00a0 Thus, soil pollution is a serious environmental problem today. If soil fertility is destroyed, both agriculture and food security will be affected. Therefore, it is very necessary to adopt scientific agriculture, afforestation, and pollution control measures.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soil Pollution\u00a0 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 (Definition) \/ Meaning of Soil Pollution: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u091c\u092c \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915, \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b 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