{"id":20774,"date":"2026-02-25T00:32:16","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T19:02:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/?p=20774"},"modified":"2026-08-16T05:55:59","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T00:25:59","slug":"measurement-of-central-tendency","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/measurement-of-central-tendency\/","title":{"rendered":"1. Measurement of Central Tendency (\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u00a0 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a) : Mean (\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
\n

Measurement of Central Tendency <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

(\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u00a0 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a) : Mean (\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n
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\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Central Tendency) \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e-\u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 (data set) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u201c\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u201d \u092f\u093e \u201c\u0914\u0938\u0924\u201d \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u091c\u092c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0909\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f (Mean)<\/strong> –<\/span> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0914\u0938\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u093e (Median)<\/strong> –<\/span> \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0915 (Mode)<\/strong> –<\/span> \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f (Mean) <\/strong><\/span>:<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0938\u0924 (Average) \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

Croxton & Cowden \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930<\/a><\/strong><\/span>–\u00a0 “\u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0902\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0921\u093e. \u090f\u0932. \u090f\u0932. \u092c\u093e\u0909\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b ‘\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902’ \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928’ \u0915\u0939\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f:<\/strong><\/span> \u091c\u092c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0902\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0926-\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0936\u092e\u0932\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/span><\/p>\n

(i) \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 x\u0304 = \u03a3\u03a7\/ N<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(ii) \u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 x\u0304 = \u03a3f\u03a7 \/N<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(iii) \u0905\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 x\u0304 = \u03a3f\u03a7 \/N<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901, x\u0304 = \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0914\u0938\u0924, <\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a3\u03a7 = \u092a\u0926-\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a3fX = \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0928\u092b\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917 <\/span><\/p>\n

N = \u092a\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u0932\u0918\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f : \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0938\u092e\u0902\u0915-\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0926 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0926-\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Measurement\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

x\u0304\u00a0 = \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/p>\n

A = \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f <\/span><\/p>\n

N = \u092a\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e <\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a3dX = \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a3fdX = \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0928\u092b\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e :<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (1) : \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 10 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u0939\u0932: (a) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0\u092e\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 (\u0930\u0941\u0966)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/span><\/td>\n840<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B<\/span><\/td>\n860<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C<\/span><\/td>\n855<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D<\/span><\/td>\n880<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/span><\/td>\n890<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/span><\/td>\n905<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G<\/span><\/td>\n945<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H<\/span><\/td>\n960<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I<\/span><\/td>\n925<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
J<\/span><\/td>\n980<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N = 10<\/span><\/td>\n\u03a3X = 9040<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

x\u0304 = \u03a3\u03a7\/ N<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 = 9040\/10<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 = 904 \u0930\u0941\u0966<\/span><\/p>\n

(b) \u0932\u0918\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f = 890<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915<\/span><\/td>\n\n

\u00a0\u092e\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 (\u0930\u0941\u0966) <\/span><\/p>\n

X<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f (A\u00a0 = 890)\u00a0 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d X-A\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

dX<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

A<\/span><\/td>\n840<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0840-890=-50<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B<\/span><\/td>\n860<\/span><\/td>\n860-890 = -30<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C<\/span><\/td>\n855<\/span><\/td>\n855-890 = -35<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D<\/span><\/td>\n880<\/span><\/td>\n880-890 = -10<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/span><\/td>\n890<\/span><\/td>\n890-890 = 0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/span><\/td>\n905<\/span><\/td>\n905-890 = +15<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G<\/span><\/td>\n945<\/span><\/td>\n945-890 = +55<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H<\/span><\/td>\n960<\/span><\/td>\n960-890 = +70<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I<\/span><\/td>\n925<\/span><\/td>\n925-890 = +35<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
J<\/span><\/td>\n980<\/span><\/td>\n980-890 = +90<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N = 10<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u03a3dX = +140<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

x\u0304\u00a0 = A+\u03a3dX\/N<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0= 890+140\/10<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = 9040\/10<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0= 904<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2234 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f = 904 \u0930\u0941\u0966\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(2) \u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 (Discrete) \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e :<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (1) : \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u095c\u094b\u0902\u00a0 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u0939\u0932: (a) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(X)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n

\u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(f)<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n

fx<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n13<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n910<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n15<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n1095<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n19<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n1425<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n23<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n1794<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n31<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n2511<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n34<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n2890<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n18<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n1566<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n17<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n1530<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n16<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n1472<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n14<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n1316<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nN = \u03a3f = 200<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u03a3fx = 16509<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

x\u0304 = \u03a3fx\/ N<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 = 16509\/200<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0= 82.545<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0939\u0932: (b) \u0932\u0918\u0941<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f = A = 81<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(X)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n

\u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(f)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n

X-A = dx<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nfdx<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n13<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n70-81 = -11<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n-143\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n15<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n73-81 = -8<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0-120<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n19<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n75-81 = -6<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0-114<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n23<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n78-81 = -3<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0-69<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n31<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n81-81 = 0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a00<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n34<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n85-81 = +4<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0+136<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n18<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n87-81 = +6<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0+108<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n17<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n90-81 = +9<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0+153<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n16<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n92-81 = +11<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0+176<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n14<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n94-81 = +13<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0+182<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nN = \u03a3f = 200<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u03a3fdx = 309\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

x\u0304 = A+ \u03a3fdx\/ N<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 = 81+309\/200<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 = 81+1.545<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0= 82.545<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u0905\u0935\u093f\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 (Continuous) \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e :<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (1) : \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u095c\u094b\u0902\u00a0 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 <\/span>\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0-10<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n10<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10-20<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n12<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20-30<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n15<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30-40<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n17<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40-50<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n20<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50-60<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n16<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60-70<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n12<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70-80<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n8<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80-90<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n7<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90-100<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n3<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u0939\u0932: (a) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 (Mid Value)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u093f X \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n(x)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n(f)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n(fx)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0-10<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n5<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n10<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n50<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10-20<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n15<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n12<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n180<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20-30<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n25<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n15<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n375<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30-40<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n35<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n17<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n595<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40-50<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n45<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n20<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n900<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50-60<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n55<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n16<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n880<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60-70<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n65<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n12<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n780<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70-80<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n75<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n8<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n600<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80-90<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n85<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n7<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n595<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90-100<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n95<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n3<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n285<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u03a3f \u092f\u093e N = 120<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u03a3fx = 5240<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

x\u0304 = \u03a3fx\/ N\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 = 5240\/120<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 = 43.666<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 = 43.67<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0939\u0932: (b) \u0932\u0918\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f = A = 45<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span><\/td>\n\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 (Mid Value)<\/span><\/td>\n\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/td>\nx-A = \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928<\/span><\/td>\nfdx<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n(x)<\/span><\/td>\n(f)<\/span><\/td>\ndx<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0-10<\/span><\/td>\n5<\/span><\/td>\n10<\/span><\/td>\n5-45 = -40<\/span><\/td>\n-400<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10-20<\/span><\/td>\n15<\/span><\/td>\n12<\/span><\/td>\n15-45 = -30<\/span><\/td>\n-360<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20-30<\/span><\/td>\n25<\/span><\/td>\n15<\/span><\/td>\n25-45 = -20<\/span><\/td>\n-300<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30-40<\/span><\/td>\n35<\/span><\/td>\n17<\/span><\/td>\n30-45 = -10<\/span><\/td>\n-170<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40-50<\/span><\/td>\n45<\/span><\/td>\n20<\/span><\/td>\n45-45 = 0<\/span><\/td>\n0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50-60<\/span><\/td>\n55<\/span><\/td>\n16<\/span><\/td>\n55-45= +10<\/span><\/td>\n+160<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60-70<\/span><\/td>\n65<\/span><\/td>\n12<\/span><\/td>\n65-45 = +20<\/span><\/td>\n+240<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70-80<\/span><\/td>\n75<\/span><\/td>\n8<\/span><\/td>\n75-45 =+30<\/span><\/td>\n+240<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80-90<\/span><\/td>\n85<\/span><\/td>\n7<\/span><\/td>\n85-45 =+40<\/span><\/td>\n+280<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90-100<\/span><\/td>\n95<\/span><\/td>\n3<\/span><\/td>\n95-45 =+50<\/span><\/td>\n+150<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u03a3f \u092f\u093e N = 120<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u03a3fdx = -160<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

x\u0304 = A+ \u03a3fdx\/ N<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 = 45+(-160)\/120<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0= 5240\/120<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0= 43.666\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Mean \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923 (Merits):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f (Mean) \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f (Arithmetic Mean)<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(i) \u0938\u0930\u0932\u0924\u093e (Simplicity):-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 (observations) \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 (Based on All Observations):-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f (Definite and Rigidly Defined):-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(iv) \u092c\u0940\u091c\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e (Algebraic Treatment):-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947\u2013 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 (Deviation), \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 (Standard Deviation) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 (Correlation) \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(v) \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 (Useful for Comparison):-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(vi) \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e (Stability):-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mean \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Demerits):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(i) \u091a\u0930\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 (Extreme Values) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092f\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940:-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0915\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0924\u092c, \u091c\u092c \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935 (dispersion) \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924:-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 (quantitative) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 (qualitative) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0902\u0917, \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(iv) \u0905\u0927\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928:-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094b \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(v) \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902:-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e 2.4 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0947, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(vi) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915:-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091b\u0942\u091f \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(vii) \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u092a \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u093e (Median) \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(viii) \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 (Open-ended classes) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u091c\u092c \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 50 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e 100 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915), \u0924\u092c \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f (Mean)<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941, \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u0905\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 Mean \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u093e \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948; Median \u090f\u0935\u0902 Mode \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u093e (Median)<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0915 (Mode)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Measure of Central Tendency (\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a) \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 30+ \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930, MCQs \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0928\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0938 – NET\/JRF, Pre-PhD, Assistant Professor, BPSC \u090f\u0935\u0902 PG \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n
\n

1. \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Central Tendency) \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(A) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u093e (To represent the central value of data) <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e (To increase data) <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e (To remove data) <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e (To divide data)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (A) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u093e (To represent the central value of data) <\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Mean <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Median <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Mode<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Standard Deviation<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (D) Standard Deviation <\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

3. \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928 (Extreme Values) \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Mean <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Median <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Mode <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Harmonic Mean<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (B) Median\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

4. Arithmetic Mean \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Average <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Quartile <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Variance <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Range<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (A) Average\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

5. \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 (Qualitative) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Mean <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Median <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Mode <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Geometric Mean<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (C) Mode\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

6. \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Observations) \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0924\u094b Mean, Median \u0914\u0930 Mode \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 (Equal) <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 (Different) <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 Mean \u0914\u0930 Median \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (A) \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 (Equal)\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

7. \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 (Open-ended Class Interval) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Mean <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Median <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Mode <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Harmonic Mean<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (B) Median\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

8. \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Mean <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Median <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Mode <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Range<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (C) Mode\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

9. Geometric Mean \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Growth Rate<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Age <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Height <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Weight<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (A) Growth Rate\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

10. Harmonic Mean \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Average Speed <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Rainfall <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Population <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Temperature<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (A) Average Speed\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

11. \u092f\u0926\u093f Mean = Median = Mode \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 (Distribution) \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Positively Skewed <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Negatively Skewed <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Symmetrical <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Bimodal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (C) Symmetrical\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

12. \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u092a\u0930 Extreme Values \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Median <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Mode <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Mean <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Quartile<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (C) Mean\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

13. \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 10 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b Mean \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) 10 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) 10 \u0918\u091f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (A) 10 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

14. \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b 5 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b Mean \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) 5 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) \u0906\u0927\u093e <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (A) 5 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

15. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Mean \u2265 Median \u2265 Mode <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Mode \u2265 Mean \u2265 Median <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Mean = Range <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Median = Variance<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (A) Mean \u2265 Median \u2265 Mode\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Answer: (A) (Positively Skewed Distribution)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

16. \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Arithmetic Mean <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Harmonic Mean <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Geometric Mean <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Weighted Mean<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (A) Arithmetic Mean\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

17. \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b Mode \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Unimodal <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Bimodal <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Trimodal <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Uniform<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (B) Bimodal\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

18. \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 (Stable) \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Arithmetic Mean <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Mode <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Median <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Range<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (A) Arithmetic Mean\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

19. \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e Mean \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e Arithmetic Mean \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Geometric Mean <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Harmonic Mean <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 (A) \u090f\u0935\u0902 (B) <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Median<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (C) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 (A) \u090f\u0935\u0902 (B)\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

20. \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 (Highly Skewed) \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Mean <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Median <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Mode <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Geometric Mean<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (B) Median\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

21. \u092f\u0926\u093f Mean = 40 \u0924\u0925\u093e 10 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) 400 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) 40 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) 50 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) 500<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (A) 400\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

22. \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e Mean 25 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 5 \u0918\u091f\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b \u0928\u092f\u093e Mean \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) 30 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) 25 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) 20 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) 15<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (C) 20\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

23. \u092f\u0926\u093f Mean > Median > Mode, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Positively Skewed\/\u0927\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Negatively Skewed <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Symmetrical <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Uniform<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (A) Positively Skewed\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

24. Median \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Ordered <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Random <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Grouped only <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) None<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (A) Ordered\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

25. \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 Mode \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0902 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0902 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0902 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0927\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (A) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

26. \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e Mean = 20 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b\u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b \u0928\u092f\u093e Mean \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) 20 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) 30 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) 40 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) 10<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (C) 40\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

27. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Mean \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Median \u092a\u0930 Extreme Values \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u092e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Mode \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 Continuous Data \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Mean \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0936\u092e\u0932\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (B) Median \u092a\u0930 Extreme Values \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u092e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

28. \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 Mean = Median = Mode = 50, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Symmetrical <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Positively Skewed <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Negatively Skewed <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Irregular<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (A) Symmetrical\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

29. Weighted Mean \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u092c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u091c\u092c \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u094b <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) \u091c\u092c \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930 (Weight) \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 Nominal Data \u092e\u0947\u0902 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 Median \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (B) \u091c\u092c \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930 (Weight) \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

30. \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0917\u0932\u0924 (Incorrect) \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Mean \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(B) Median \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(C) Mode \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(D) Arithmetic Mean \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n \r\n Show Answer<\/span>\r\n <\/button>\r\n \r\n (C) Mode \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<\/span> <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Measurement of Central Tendency (\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u00a0 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a) : Mean (\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f) \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f: \u00a0 \u00a0\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Central Tendency) \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e-\u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 (data set) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u201c\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u201d \u092f\u093e \u201c\u0914\u0938\u0924\u201d \u092e\u093e\u0928 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