{"id":20293,"date":"2026-01-01T22:13:29","date_gmt":"2026-01-01T16:43:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/?p=20293"},"modified":"2026-01-23T09:33:02","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T04:03:02","slug":"range","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/range\/","title":{"rendered":"15. Range (\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938 \/ \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930 \/ \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Range<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

(\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
\n
\n

\"Range\"<\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938 (Range) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e-\u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928 (L) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928 (S) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u095c\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e (Definition)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Formula)<\/span><\/h3>\n

Range (R) = L\u2212S<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901,<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

L<\/span> = \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 (Largest Value \/ Observation)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S<\/span> = \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 (Smallest Value \/ Observation)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 (Coefficient of Range)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

Coefficient of Range = (L \u2212 S) \/ (L + S)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e:-<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 0 \u0914\u0930 1 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: 5, 8, 12, 20, 25<\/span><\/p>\n

L = 25<\/span><\/p>\n

S = 5<\/span><\/p>\n

Range<\/span><\/h3>\n

R = 25\u22125 = 20<\/span><\/p>\n

Coefficient of Range<\/span><\/h3>\n

(25\u22125) \/ (25+5) = 20\/30 =0.67<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d (Merits)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/strong><\/span>Dispersion \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 methods \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0935 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Demerits)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

✍️ Range is not based on each and every observation of the series.<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 (L \u0914\u0930 S) \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ \u091a\u0930\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e-\u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ We can not calculate Range for open end classification.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 (Uses)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

✍️ <\/strong>\u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 (\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930)<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/strong>\u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 (\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e\u2013\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092d\u093e\u0935)<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️ <\/strong>\u0916\u0947\u0932, \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 quality \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940<\/span><\/p>\n

✍️Everyday life (\u0938\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e range)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 (Conclusion)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0915\u094b\u0902 (\u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928, \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
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NOTE: Type of series<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(i) Indivisual Series<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) Discrete Series<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) Continuous Series\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u21d3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(a) Exclusive Series<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(b) Inclusive Series<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example)<\/span><\/h3>\n

(i) Indivisual Series<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. 13, 20, 7, 15, 29, 35 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0940\u0930\u0940\u091c \u0915\u093e Range \u0914\u0930 Coefficient of Range \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0939\u0932:<\/span><\/p>\n

L = 35<\/span><\/p>\n

S = 7<\/span><\/p>\n

Range =<\/strong> L – S = 35 – 7 = 28<\/span><\/p>\n

Coefficient of Range = (L-S)\/(L+S)<\/span><\/h3>\n

= (35 – 7)\/(35 + 7) = 28\/42 = 0.67<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 50, 69, 92, 85, 55, 20, 30 \u0907\u0938\u00a0\u0938\u0940\u0930\u0940\u091c \u0915\u093e Range \u0914\u0930 Coefficient of Range \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0939\u0932:<\/span><\/p>\n

L = 92<\/span><\/p>\n

S = 20<\/span><\/p>\n

Range =<\/strong> L – S =92-20 = 72<\/span><\/p>\n

Coefficient of Range = (L-S)\/(L+S)<\/span><\/h3>\n

= (92-20)\/(92+20) = 72\/112 = 0.64<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) Discrete Series (\u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0930\u0940\u091c \u0915\u093e Range \u0914\u0930 Coefficient of Range \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
x<\/span><\/td>\nf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/span><\/td>\n3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/span><\/td>\n7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/span><\/td>\n5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/span><\/td>\n12<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/span><\/td>\n9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0939\u0932:<\/span><\/p>\n

Note : \u0910\u0938\u0947 series \u092e\u0947\u0902 Frequency \u0915\u094b ignore \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L = 25<\/span><\/p>\n

S = 5<\/span><\/p>\n

Range =<\/strong> L – S = 25 – 5 = 20<\/span><\/p>\n

Coefficient of Range = (L-S)\/(L+S)<\/span><\/h3>\n

= (25-20)\/(25+5) = 20\/30 = 0.67<\/span><\/p>\n

4.<\/strong> \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0930\u0940\u091c \u0915\u093e Range \u0914\u0930 Coefficient of Range \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
x<\/span><\/td>\nf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/span><\/td>\n9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
180<\/span><\/td>\n2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/span><\/td>\n4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/span><\/td>\n5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/span><\/td>\n3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
132<\/span><\/td>\n10<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0939\u0932:<\/span><\/p>\n

L = 180<\/span><\/p>\n

S = 40<\/span><\/p>\n

Range =<\/strong> L – S = 180 – 40 = 140<\/span><\/p>\n

Coefficient of Range = (L-S)\/(L+S)<\/span><\/h3>\n

= (180-40)\/(180+40) = 140\/220 = 0.63<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) Continuous Series : <\/strong><\/span>(a) Exclusive Series<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5. \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0930\u0940\u091c \u0915\u093e Range \u0914\u0930 Coefficient of Range \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
x<\/span><\/td>\nf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20-25<\/span><\/td>\n2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25-30<\/span><\/td>\n5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30-35<\/span><\/td>\n9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35-40<\/span><\/td>\n4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40-45<\/span><\/td>\n7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0939\u0932:<\/span><\/p>\n

Note : \u0910\u0938\u0947 Series \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 Frequency \u0915\u094b ignore \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L = 45<\/span><\/p>\n

S = 20<\/span><\/p>\n

Range =<\/strong> L – S = 45 – 20 = 25<\/span><\/p>\n

Coefficient of Range = (L-S)\/(L+S)<\/span><\/h3>\n

= (45-20)\/(45+20) = 25\/65 = 0.38<\/span><\/p>\n

(b) Inclusive Series<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

5.<\/strong> \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0930\u0940\u091c \u0915\u093e Range \u0914\u0930 Coefficient of Range \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
x<\/span><\/td>\nf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20-24<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/strong><\/span>-29<\/span><\/td>\n5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30-34<\/span><\/td>\n9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35-39<\/span><\/td>\n4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40-44<\/span><\/td>\n7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0939\u0932:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 Inclusive Series \u0915\u094b Exclusive Series \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092d\u0940 Frequency \u0915\u094b ignore \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f (24+25)\/2 = 49\/2 = 24.5 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
x<\/span><\/td>\nf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19.5-24.5<\/span><\/td>\n2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24.5-29.5<\/span><\/td>\n5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29.5-34.5<\/span><\/td>\n9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34.5-39.5<\/span><\/td>\n4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39.5-44.5<\/span><\/td>\n7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0905\u092c, L = 44.5<\/span><\/p>\n

S = 19.5<\/span><\/p>\n

Range<\/a> <\/span>=<\/strong> L – S = 44.5-19.5 = 25<\/span><\/p>\n

Coefficient of Range<\/a> = (L-S)\/(L+S)<\/span><\/h3>\n

= (44.5-19.5)\/(44.5+19.5) =25\/63 = 0.40<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Range (\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938) \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938 (Range) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e-\u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928 (L) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928 (S) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,162],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ba-semester-paper-iv","category-research-methodology"],"acf":{"test_duration":60,"q1_question":"","q1_option_a":"","q1_option_b":"","q1_option_c":"","q1_option_d":"","q1_correct":"","q1_explanation":"","q2_question":"","q2_option_a":"","q2_option_b":"","q2_option_c":"","q2_option_d":"","q2_correct":"","q2_explanation":"","q3_question":"","q3_option_a":"","q3_option_b":"","q3_option_c":"","q3_option_d":"","q3_correct":"","q3_explanation":"","q4_question":"","q4_option_a":"","q4_option_b":"","q4_option_c":"","q4_option_d":"","q4_correct":"","q4_explanation":"","q5_question":"","q5_option_a":"","q5_option_b":"","q5_option_c":"","q5_option_d":"","q5_correct":"","q5_explanation":"","q6_question":"","q6_option_a":"","q6_option_b":"","q6_option_c":"","q6_option_d":"","q6_correct":"","q6_explanation":"","q7_question":"","q7_option_a":"","q7_option_b":"","q7_option_c":"","q7_option_d":"","q7_correct":"","q7_explanation":"","q8_question":"","q8_option_a":"","q8_option_b":"","q8_option_c":"","q8_option_d":"","q8_correct":"","q8_explanation":"","q9_question":"","q9_option_a":"","q9_option_b":"","q9_option_c":"","q9_option_d":"","q9_correct":"","q9_explanation":"","q10_question":"","q10_option_a":"","q10_option_b":"","q10_option_c":"","q10_option_d":"","q10_correct":"","q10_explanation":"","q11_question":"","q11_option_a":"","q11_option_b":"","q11_option_c":"","q11_option_d":"","q11_correct":"","q11_explanation":"","q12_question":"","q12_option_a":"","q12_option_b":"","q12_option_c":"","q12_option_d":"","q12_correct":"","q12_explanation":"","q13_question":"","q13_option_a":"","q13_option_b":"","q13_option_c":"","q13_option_d":"","q13_correct":"","q13_explanation":"","q14_question":"","q14_option_a":"","q14_option_b":"","q14_option_c":"","q14_option_d":"","q14_correct":"","q14_explanation":"","q15_question":"","q15_option_a":"","q15_option_b":"","q15_option_c":"","q15_option_d":"","q15_correct":"","q15_explanation":"","q16_question":"","q16_option_a":"","q16_option_b":"","q16_option_c":"","q16_option_d":"","q16_correct":"","q16_explanation":"","q17_question":"","q17_option_a":"","q17_option_b":"","q17_option_c":"","q17_option_d":"","q17_correct":"","q17_explanation":"","q18_question":"","q18_option_a":"","q18_option_b":"","q18_option_c":"","q18_option_d":"","q18_correct":"","q18_explanation":"","q19_question":"","q19_option_a":"","q19_option_b":"","q19_option_c":"","q19_option_d":"","q19_correct":"","q19_explanation":"","q20_question":"","q20_option_a":"","q20_option_b":"","q20_option_c":"","q20_option_d":"","q20_correct":"","q20_explanation":"","q21_question":"","q21_option_a":"","q21_option_b":"","q21_option_c":"","q21_option_d":"","q21_correct":"","q21_explanation":"","q22_question":"","q22_option_a":"","q22_option_b":"","q22_option_c":"","q22_option_d":"","q22_correct":"","q22_explanation":"","q23_question":"","q23_option_a":"","q23_option_b":"","q23_option_c":"","q23_option_d":"","q23_correct":"","q23_explanation":"","q24_question":"","q24_option_a":"","q24_option_b":"","q24_option_c":"","q24_option_d":"","q24_correct":"","q24_explanation":"","q25_question":"","q25_option_a":"","q25_option_b":"","q25_option_c":"","q25_option_d":"","q25_correct":"","q25_explanation":"","q26_question":"","q26_option_a":"","q26_option_b":"","q26_option_c":"","q26_option_d":"","q26_correct":"","q26_explanation":"","q27_question":"","q27_option_a":"","q27_option_b":"","q27_option_c":"","q27_option_d":"","q27_correct":"","q27_explanation":"","q28_question":"","q28_option_a":"","q28_option_b":"","q28_option_c":"","q28_option_d":"","q28_correct":"","q28_explanation":"","q29_question":"","q29_option_a":"","q29_option_b":"","q29_option_c":"","q29_option_d":"","q29_correct":"","q29_explanation":"","q30_question":"","q30_option_a":"","q30_option_b":"","q30_option_c":"","q30_option_d":"","q30_correct":"","q30_explanation":"","q31_question":"","q31_option_a":"","q31_option_b":"","q31_option_c":"","q31_option_d":"","q31_correct":"","q31_explanation":"","q32_question":"","q32_option_a":"","q32_option_b":"","q32_option_c":"","q32_option_d":"","q32_correct":"","q32_explanation":"","q33_question":"","q33_option_a":"","q33_option_b":"","q33_option_c":"","q33_option_d":"","q33_correct":"","q33_explanation":"","q34_question":"","q34_option_a":"","q34_option_b":"","q34_option_c":"","q34_option_d":"","q34_correct":"","q34_explanation":"","q35_question":"","q35_option_a":"","q35_option_b":"","q35_option_c":"","q35_option_d":"","q35_correct":"","q35_explanation":"","q36_question":"","q36_option_a":"","q36_option_b":"","q36_option_c":"","q36_option_d":"","q36_correct":"","q36_explanation":"","q37_question":"","q37_option_a":"","q37_o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