{"id":19566,"date":"2025-09-10T00:06:17","date_gmt":"2025-09-09T18:36:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/?p=19566"},"modified":"2025-11-02T14:24:28","modified_gmt":"2025-11-02T08:54:28","slug":"evolution-of-peninsular-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/evolution-of-peninsular-india\/","title":{"rendered":"38. Geomorphic Evolution of Peninsular India (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Geomorphic Evolution of Peninsular India <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

(\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
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\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092d\u0942-\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 (Archaean Era)<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092d\u0942-\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930, \u0905\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924, \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0936 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f, \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0936) \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0939\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928) \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092d\u0942\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f (Geological Background)<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

(i) \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092f\u0941\u0917 (2500\u20133500 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u2013 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f, \u0928\u093f\u0938, \u092c\u0947\u0938\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f, \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0907\u091f<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0949\u0928: \u092c\u0941\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0932\u0916\u0902\u0921, \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c, \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939\u092d\u0942\u092e, \u0905\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0928\u094b\u091f: \u092d\u0942\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0930\u094b\u091c\u094b\u0907\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0917<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u0905\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 (\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092e\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0932\u093e)\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0935\u093f\u0902\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0932\u094c\u0939, \u0924\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e, \u092e\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0928\u0940\u091c, \u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u092a\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u094b\u0907\u0915 \u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0938\u094b\u091c\u094b\u0907\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0932<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u0917\u094b\u0902\u0921\u0935\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u093e\u0926 (\u0915\u094b\u092f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 – \u091d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0917\u0902\u091c, \u0938\u094b\u0939\u093e\u0917\u092a\u0941\u0930)\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0921\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0928 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u092a (65 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935): \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940\u092f \u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0928\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0926\u093e-\u0924\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0936 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(iv) \u0938\u093f\u0928\u094b\u091c\u094b\u0907\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0932<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094c\u0935\u0928 (Rejuvenation)<\/strong>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (Geomorphic Evolution)<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

(i) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u201c\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930<\/strong>\u201d \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930<\/strong> –<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935, \u092e\u0948\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930<\/strong> –<\/span> \u0928\u0940\u0932\u0917\u093f\u0930\u0940, \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0928\u093e\u0917\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930<\/strong> <\/span>– \u0915\u094b\u092f\u0932\u093e \u0935 \u0932\u094c\u0939 \u0905\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u0905\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e<\/strong> –<\/span> \u0905\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924, \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924<\/strong> –<\/span> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0948\u0924\u093f\u091c \u0905\u0935\u0938\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0938\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e-\u092e\u0948\u0915\u093e\u0932<\/strong> –<\/span> \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0936\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

1. \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> –<\/span> \u0928\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0926\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0940 (\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0936 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924)\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> –<\/span> \u0917\u094b\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923\u093e, \u0915\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0930\u0940 (\u0921\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902)\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong> –<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e: \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u095d\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e: \u0909\u092a\u091c\u093e\u090a \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e: \u0921\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093e \u0935 \u092c\u093e\u0922\u093c\u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(iv) \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0924\u091f: \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923, \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e, \u090f\u0938\u094d\u091a\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0930\u093f\u0928 (Estuarine)\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0924\u091f: \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924, \u0921\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0908, \u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(v) \u0921\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0928 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u092a<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940\u092f \u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0938\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f (Step-like Topography)\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

(i) \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0936, \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0928\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0926\u093e-\u0924\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0924, \u0921\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0928 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u092a\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u092c\u0939\u093f\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u21d2 \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f<\/strong> <\/span>– \u091f\u094b\u0930, \u0907\u0902\u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928<\/strong> –<\/span> \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong> – <\/span>\u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902, \u0932\u0948\u0917\u0942\u0928, \u0921\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Major Geomorphic Units)<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

(i) \u0905\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0932\u093e<\/strong> –<\/span> \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0928 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940<\/strong> –<\/span> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0948\u0924\u093f\u091c \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u0938\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e-\u092e\u0948\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940<\/strong> –<\/span> \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0936 \u0935 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(iv) \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0928\u093e\u0917\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930<\/strong> –<\/span> \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(v) \u0921\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0928 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u092a<\/strong> –<\/span> \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e, basalt plateau\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(vi) \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f<\/strong> –<\/span> \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0922\u093e\u0932, \u0915\u094b\u0902\u0915\u0923, \u092e\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u091f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(vii) \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f<\/strong> –<\/span> \u0905\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a (Present-Day Landforms)<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0942-\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0917\u094b\u0902\u0921\u0935\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928, \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u0947\u0921\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0917 (Monadnocks), \u091f\u094b\u0930\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (\u0917\u094b\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0940, \u0928\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0926\u093e)\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0948\u0917\u0942\u0928, \u0921\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093e, \u090f\u0938\u094d\u091a\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0930\u093f\u0928\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0922\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 (Conclusion)<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940<\/a> \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915<\/a> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u0942\u0916\u0902\u0921 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f, \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928, \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092c\u0938\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Geomorphic Evolution of Peninsular India (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938) \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092d\u0942-\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 (Archaean Era) \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092d\u0942-\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 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