{"id":15089,"date":"2023-12-16T22:04:56","date_gmt":"2023-12-16T16:34:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/?p=15089"},"modified":"2025-01-09T13:47:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T08:17:20","slug":"geomorphology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/geomorphology\/","title":{"rendered":"1. Major Course \/ Geomorphology (Theory) Solved Questions Paper 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Major Course or MJC-1)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Geomorphology (Theory) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Solved Questions Paper 2023<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n

(Patliputra University Patna)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Geomorphology\"<\/p>\n

Part-A\/\u092d\u093e\u0917-\u0905 <\/span><\/strong>
\n(Objective Type Questions)<\/span><\/strong>
\n(\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Note: All questions are compulsory.<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Select the correct answer from the alternatives given below: [2\u00d710=20]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f:<\/span><\/p>\n

(i) Who propounded the ‘Nebular Hypothesis’ in the year 1796?<\/span>
\n(a) Kant<\/span>
\n(b) Roche<\/span>
\n(c) Laplace<\/span>
\n(d) Lockyer<\/span>
\n‘\u0928\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e’<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 1796 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e?<\/span>
\n(a) \u0915\u093e\u0923\u094d\u091f<\/span>
\n(b) \u0930\u094b\u0936\u0947<\/span>
\n(c) \u0932\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938<\/span>
\n(d) \u0932\u0949\u0915\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/span>
\n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 –<\/span><\/span>\u00a0(c) \u0932\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(ii) Lithosphere consists of:<\/span>
\n(a) Crust and Core<\/span>
\n(b) Mantle and Core<\/span>
\n(c) Upper and Lower Mantle<\/span>
\n(d) Crust and Upper Mantle<\/span>
\n\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948:<\/span>
\n(a) \u0915\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930<\/span>
\n(b) \u092e\u0948\u0923\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930<\/span>
\n(c) \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0948\u0923\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932<\/span>
\n(d) \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0948\u0923\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932<\/span>
\n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 – (d) \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0948\u0923\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) The term ‘Isostasy’ was first used by:<\/span>
\n(a) Airy<\/span>
\n(b) Pratt<\/span>
\n(c) Dutton<\/span>
\n(d) Holmes<\/span>
\n‘\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f’ \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e :<\/span>
\n(a) \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span>
\n(b) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span>
\n(c) \u0921\u091f\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span>
\n(d) \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span>
\n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 – (c) \u0921\u091f\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(iv) Which of the following was not a part of Gondwana Land?<\/span>
\n(a) Asia<\/span>
\n(b) Australia<\/span>
\n(c) India<\/span>
\n(d) Africa<\/span>
\n\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0917\u094b\u0902\u0921\u0935\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/span>
\n(a) \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span>
\n(b) \u0906\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span>
\n(c) \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/span>
\n(d) \u0905\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e<\/span>
\n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 – (a) \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(v) Which of the following is a major tectonic plates of the earth?<\/span>
\n(a) Nazca Plate<\/span>
\n(b) Philippines Plate<\/span>
\n(c) Arabian Plate<\/span>
\n(d) Antarctica Plate<\/span>
\n\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0939\u0948?<\/span>
\n(a) \u0928\u093e\u091c\u094d\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span>
\n(b) \u092b\u093f\u0932\u0940\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span>
\n(c) \u0905\u0930\u0947\u092c\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span>
\n(d) \u0905\u0923\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span>
\n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 – (d) \u0905\u0923\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(vi) Mountain building on the surface of the earth is a result of:<\/span>
\n(a) Endogenic Forces<\/span>
\n(b) Exogenic Forces<\/span>
\n(c) Gravitational Forces<\/span>
\n(d) Magnetic Forces<\/span>
\n\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0948:<\/span>
\n(a) \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e<\/span>
\n(b) \u092c\u0939\u093f\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e<\/span>
\n(c) \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e<\/span>
\n(d) \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e<\/span>
\n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 – (a) \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(vii) What is the scale of earthquake intensity?<\/span>
\n(a) Beaufort Scale<\/span>
\n(b) Seismic Scale<\/span>
\n(c) Secant Scale<\/span>
\n(d) None of these<\/span>
\n\u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/span>
\n(a) \u092c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span>
\n(b) \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span>
\n(c) \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span>
\n(d) \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/span>
\n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 – (b) \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(viii) Glacial erosion is responsible for the formation of the following:<\/span>
\n(a) Sink holes<\/span>
\n(b) Swallow holes<\/span>
\n(c) Kames<\/span>
\n(d) Cirque<\/span>
\n\u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/span>
\n(a) \u0918\u094b\u0932 \u0930\u0928\u094d\u0927\u094d\u0930<\/span>
\n(b) \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f \u0930\u0928\u094d\u0927\u094d\u0930<\/span>
\n(c) \u0915\u0947\u092e<\/span>
\n(d) \u0939\u093f\u092e\u0917\u0939\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/span>
\n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 – (d) \u0939\u093f\u092e\u0917\u0939\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(ix) Which of the following is not an agent of weathering?<\/span>
\n(a) Glacier<\/span>
\n(b) Wind<\/span>
\n(c) Soil<\/span>
\n(d) River<\/span>
\n\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948?<\/span>
\n(a) \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940<\/span>
\n(b) \u092a\u0935\u0928<\/span>
\n(c) \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e<\/span>
\n(d) \u0928\u0926\u0940<\/span>
\n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 – (c) \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(x) The most abundant metal in the earth crust is:<\/span>
\n(a) Sodium<\/span>
\n(b) Aluminium<\/span>
\n(c) Calcium<\/span>
\n(d) Iron<\/span>
\n\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0939\u0948<\/span>
\n(a) \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/span>
\n(b) \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/span>
\n(c) \u0915\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/span>
\n(d) \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e<\/span>
\n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 – (b) \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Part-B \/ \u092d\u093e\u0917-\u092c<\/strong><\/span>
\n(Short Answer Type Questions)<\/strong><\/span>
\n(\u0932\u0918\u0941 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Note: Attempt any four questions out of six questions. Each question carries equal marks.<\/span>
\n[5\u00d74=20]<\/span>
\n\u091b\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Explain the importance of the study of Geomorphology.<\/span>
\n\u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Define Isostasy. Who gave the theory of Isostasy?<\/span>
\n\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e?<\/span><\/p>\n

4. What is the difference between the focus and epicenter of an earthquake?<\/span>
\n\u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/p>\n

5. What are two types of weathering?<\/span>
\n\u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/span><\/p>\n

6. What is a Karst Topography? What are the essential conditions for its formation?<\/span>
\n\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0926\u0936\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/span><\/p>\n

7. Define cycle of erosion according to Davis.<\/span>
\n\u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

Part-C \/ \u092d\u093e\u0917-\u0938<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>Long Answer Type Questions)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N<\/span>ote: Answer any three questions out of five questions. Each question carries equal marks. <\/span>[10\u00d73-30]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/p>\n

8. Describe the internal structure of the earth in detail. <\/span>
\n\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

9. Explain the views of Airy and Pratt regarding Isostasy.<\/span>
\n\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

10. Critically examine the theory of Plate Tectonic. <\/span>
\n\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

11. Describe the different stages of mountain building according to Kober.<\/span>
\n\u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n

\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0932\u0918\u0941 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n

Part-B \/ \u092d\u093e\u0917-\u092c<\/strong><\/span>
\n(Short Answer Type Questions)<\/strong><\/span>
\n(\u0932\u0918\u0941 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Note: Attempt any four questions out of six questions. Each question carries equal marks.<\/span><\/strong>
\n[5\u00d74=20]<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u091b\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. Explain the importance of the study of Geomorphology.<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930- \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092d\u0942<\/a>-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 Geomorphology<\/strong> \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 (Geo-\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940, morphi-\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0914\u0930 logos-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928<\/strong>) \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0922\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0947 \u0922\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0928\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u093e\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e (Denudation Chronologists) \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0924\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0915\u0941\u091b \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0935\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0936\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0920\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0936\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u0928\u0926 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092d\u0942\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0917\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0935\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0932\u0928) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u092e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0922\u093e\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 (Disposition) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f, \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928) \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 <\/span>\u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u0948\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0902\u091c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 (Mass Wasting) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0932\u093e\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0932\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0906\u091c \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928, \u0939\u093f\u092e\u0928\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e, \u092d\u0942\u0938\u094d\u0916\u0932\u0928, \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928, \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u092e\u093e\u0935, \u092e\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0916\u093e\u0924 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930, \u0906\u0926\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0949\u0928\u0940\u091f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Define Isostasy. Who gave the theory of Isostasy?<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930- \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924<\/span> \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928<\/span><\/strong> \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u00a0<\/span> \u201c\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924, \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930, \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928) \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902\u00a0 (\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930, \u091d\u0940\u0932) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0906\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u2018Isostasy \u092f\u093e Equilibrium\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>\u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 Isostasy \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 Isostasius<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0907\u0938\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 1889 \u0908\u0966 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 C.F. \u0921\u091f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924, \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930, \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0939\u093f\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u091f-\u0915\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u095c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0921\u091f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u092f\u092e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u2018\u0938\u092e\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0924\u0932\u2019<\/span>\u00a0(Level of Uniform Pressure)\u00a0<\/span>\u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e\u00a0<\/strong>\u2018\u0938\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0932 \u0924\u0932\u2019 (Isotatic Level) \u092f\u093e \u2018\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0932\u2019 (Level of Compensation)<\/span>\u00a0\u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u201c\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0926\u0936\u093e \u091c\u094b \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924, \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930, \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0924\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928-\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 1859 \u0908\u0966 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0926\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e:-<\/span><\/div>\n
(l) \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0941\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
(ll) \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u0941\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0906\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 5.236 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u0920\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0938 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 15 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0921<\/strong><\/span> \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0924\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e\u092f\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0917\u092f\u0947 \u0939\u0948:-<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(1) \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(2) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u091f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(3) \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(4) \u091c\u094c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n

4. What is the difference between the focus and epicenter of an earthquake?<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930-<\/span> \u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932-\u00a0<\/span>\u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0938\u0947\u00a0\u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (Focus)<\/span> <\/strong>\u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932<\/span><\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930- <\/span>\u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0915\u093e \u091d\u091f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/strong><\/span> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

5. What are two types of weathering?<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930- \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Types of Weathering)<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u0923 (Physical or Mechanical Weathering):-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0942\u091f-\u092b\u0942\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947-\u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090b\u0924\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090b\u0924\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923, \u092e\u0930\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0920\u0902\u0921\u0940 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0947 (Frost) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0930\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0927\u0942\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u092b\u0948\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915 (Freezing Point) \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0941\u0921\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0942\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926\u0928 (Block Disintegration) \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0909\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u0930\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940\u092f, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0930\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u092d\u0940-\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0920\u0902\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0926\u0932\u0928, \u0905\u092a\u0936\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u092a\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 (Exfoliation) \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u0935\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091a\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0915\u0923 \u091f\u0942\u091f-\u091f\u0942\u091f\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0923\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092e\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 (Granular Disintegration) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0916\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0923\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092e\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0940 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0930\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0942 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0936\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u091f\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947-\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0916\u0902\u0921-\u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 (Block Disintegration) \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0941\u0937\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e (Frost Action) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0916\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u0915\u0930 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0941\u0930\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 (Angular Rock Fragments) \u0915\u0947 \u0922\u0947\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0936\u094d\u092e \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f (Scree) \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u091f\u0948\u0932\u0938 (Talus) \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u091f\u0948\u0932\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0924\u0941\u0937\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u0923 (Chemical weathering):-<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u091c\u092c \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 (Disintegration) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u0923 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u092f\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0922\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0908\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 (Active chemical Agent) \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(i) \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f\u0928 (Solution):-<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0927\u093e \u0928\u092e\u0915 (Rock Salt) \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938\u092e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u0941\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Oxidation):-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094c\u0939 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u094c\u0939 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090b\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0902\u0917 \u0932\u0917\u0928\u093e \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u091c\u0932\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 (Hydration):-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u091c\u0932\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094b\u0916 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u092f\u0947 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0928\u092f\u0947 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0905\u0902\u0936 \u0930\u0939 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0928\u092f\u0947 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0932\u093e\u092f\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u0932\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0932\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092b\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0928 (Kaolin) \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(iv) \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0928\u0947\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Carbonation):-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u091c\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0938\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092b\u0932\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0907\u0928 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092c\u0932\u0941\u0906 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930\u094b\u0902 (Sand Stone) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0938\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0928\u0947\u091f (Lime) \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 (Cementing Material) \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u0941\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092b\u0932\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092c\u0932\u0941\u0906 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0915\u092d\u0940-\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0932\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092b\u0942\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u092d \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f (Spheroidal Weathering) \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0926\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940-\u091c\u0941\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

6. What is a Karst Topography? What are the essential conditions for its formation?<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0926\u0936\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930- \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 <\/span><\/span>\u090f\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917<\/span>\u00a0\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0942\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u091c\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0926\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 1911 \u0908\u0966\u00a0 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u091c\u0947.\u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942. \u092c\u0940\u0921\u00a0 \u090f\u0935\u0902 1918 \u0908\u0966 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0947. \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u091c\u093f\u0915<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:-<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(i) \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(ii) \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u094b\u0927(Joints) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(iii) \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0917\u092e\u094d\u092f \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0922\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

7. Define cycle of erosion according to Davis.<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span>– \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0935\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e W. M. \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u0947 1889 \u0908\u0966 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u201cGeographical Essay\u201d<\/span>\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u093f \u201c\u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u0942\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932 \u092d\u0942\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u095c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(i) \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0914\u0930 <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) \u0938\u092e\u092f\u0964<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0942\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092b\u0932\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u091f (Trio of Devis)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928\u00a0 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902,\u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u091c\u0932\/\u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u095d\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0932\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Part-C \/ \u092d\u093e\u0917-\u0938<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>Long Answer Type Questions)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N<\/span>ote: Answer any three questions out of five questions. Each question carries equal marks. <\/span>[10\u00d73-30]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/p>\n

8. Describe the internal structure of the earth in detail. <\/span><\/strong>
\n\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930-<\/strong>\u00a0\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u093e \u092a\u095c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u0930 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 (Seismology) \u092f\u093e \u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 5.5 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u095d\u094b\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u092e \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u095d\u094b\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u092c \u092c\u095d\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u095d\u094b\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 32 \u092e\u0940\u0966 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0930 1\u2103\u00a0 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u095d\u094b\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0901\u091f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u00a0 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Internal<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

(1) \u0938\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0932 (SIAL)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0928 & \u0905\u0932\u0941\u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u0938\u093f\u092e\u093e (SIMA)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0938\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0928 & \u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u0928\u093f\u092b\u0947 (NIFE)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092b\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0932 & \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0901\u091f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2013<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u092d\u0942\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092a\u091f\u0940 (Crust)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u092d\u0942\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930 (Mantle)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0921 (Core)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u092d\u0942\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092a\u091f\u0940 (Crust):- <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e 0.5% \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e 0.2% Crust \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 33 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940\u0966 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 70 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940\u0966 \u0924\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 5 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940\u0966 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0938\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2605 \u092d\u0942\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092a\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 (46.80%), \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0928 (27.72%) \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (8.13%) \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917, \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917, \u0938\u0924\u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917, P*, S*, Pg & Sg \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u091a\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092d\u0942\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092a\u091f\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948:-\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u092e (2.75) \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 (3.75) \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u092b\u0941\u0932\u093e\/\u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u0927\u0901\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947:- \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u092d\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0930 (Mantle):-<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092d\u0942\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u094b\u0939\u094b \u0905\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 2900 KM \u0924\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e 83% \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e 68% \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092d\u0942\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e (\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u0942\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u00a0 \u0924\u094b \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0928 & \u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u0942\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 3 \u0938\u0947 5.5 \u0924\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2605 \u092d\u0942\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092a\u091f\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u0947\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u0939\u094b\u0905\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e (Moho Discontinuty) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2605 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932\/\u0932\u093f\u0925\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2605 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0932\u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 (Aestheno Sphere) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0932\u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094b\u095c\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u095c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Internal

\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

(3) \u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0921(Core)\/\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u092e:- \u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 -10 \u0938\u0947 13.6 g\/cm3 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e 16% \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e 32% \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0921 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0932 & \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0921 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 3471 KM \u0939\u0948\u0964 Mantle \u0914\u0930 Core \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u0947\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091f\u0947\u0928\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

9. Explain the views of Airy and Pratt regarding Isostasy.<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930- \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928<\/span> \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u00a0 \u201c\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924, \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930, \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928) \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902\u00a0 (\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930, \u091d\u0940\u0932) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0906\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u2018Isostasy \u092f\u093e Equilibrium\u2019\u00a0<\/span>\u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 Isostasy \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 Isostasius \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0907\u0938\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 1889 \u0908\u0966 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 C.F. \u0921\u091f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924, \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930, \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0939\u093f\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u091f-\u0915\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u095c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0921\u091f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u092f\u092e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u2018\u0938\u092e\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0924\u0932\u2019<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0(Level of Uniform Pressure)\u00a0<\/span>\u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e\u00a0\u2018\u0938\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0932 \u0924\u0932\u2019 (Isotatic Level) \u092f\u093e \u2018\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0932\u2019 (Level of Compensation)<\/span>\u00a0\u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u201c\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0926\u0936\u093e \u091c\u094b \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924, \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930, \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0924\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928-\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 1859 \u0908\u0966 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0926\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e:-<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0(l) \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0941\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0(ll) \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u0941\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n
(1) \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
(2) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u091f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
(3) \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
(4) \u091c\u094c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(1) \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n
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\"Isostasy\"<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u092f \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0927\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0918\u0941\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 -\u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u092f \u0924\u094b 2 \u0932\u093e\u0916 70 \u0939\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092b\u0940\u091f \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e \u091c\u095c \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0927\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f 32 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0930 1\u00b0C \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u095d \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u095c \u0927\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0925\u093e\u0935\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937:<\/strong>– <\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u201cUniform Density with Varying Depthness\u201d (\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908)\u00a0<\/span>\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0939\u093e\u095c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u095c\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0916\u093e\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0924<\/u><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u091f \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 Royan Geography of Landform (1859 \u0908\u0966) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0941\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u0941\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092f\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u094b \u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u091f \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u00a0 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092d\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u0942\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0901\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948:–<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\"\"

\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u091f \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u091f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0924 (Varying Density With Uniform Depth) \u0915\u094b<\/span><\/span>\u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924 \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u0909\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u091f \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0928 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

10. Critically examine the theory of Plate Tectonic. <\/span><\/strong>
\n\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930- \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092d\u0942-\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0917\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0926\u0943\u095d \u092d\u0942\u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u0916\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0908 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 1955 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0942-\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0947. \u091f\u0942\u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0938\u0928 (J-Tuzo Wilson) \u0928\u0947 ‘\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f’ \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u00a0 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u00a0\u00a0\u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0930\u093f\u0939\u0938 \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/u><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 100 KM \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 5 KM \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 70 KM \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 7 \u092c\u095c\u0947 \u0914\u0930 6 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948-<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f- 7<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
1. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
2. \u0909\u0966 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
3. \u0926\u0966 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
4. \u0905\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
5. \u092f\u0941\u0930\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
6. \u0907\u0923\u094d\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
7. \u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0917\u094c\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f- 6<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(a) \u0905\u0930\u0947\u092c\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(b) \u092b\u093f\u0932\u0940\u092a\u0940\u0902\u0938 \/\u092b\u093f\u0932\u0940\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(c) \u0915\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(d) \u0928\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(e) \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
(f) \u0915\u0948\u0930\u0947\u092c\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\"Plate<\/span><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n
\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u091f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u2013<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
1. \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
2. \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/b><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091a\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u091a\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 3 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u091f\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947\u00a0 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\"\"<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948-\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
1. \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
2. \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f\u00a0 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u092c\u0948\u0938\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/u>\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u092c \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f, \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0935\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0932, \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e 45\u00b0 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928, \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932, \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u00a0\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 3 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 – \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0905\u092a\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0909\u0920\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0932\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e\/\u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u092e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u201c\u092c\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u0911\u092b \u091c\u094b\u0928\u201d <\/span><\/strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
\"\"<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948-<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
1. \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940<\/span>–<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
2. \u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a<\/span>–<\/strong> \u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
3.<\/span>\u00a0\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0924\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0941\u092e\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935\u2013<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0924\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0924\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0941\u092e\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u092e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
4. <\/span>\u092d\u0942\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f, \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a, \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0928, \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0924\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0941\u092e\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/u><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0908 \u0916\u093e\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 –\u00a0 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091a\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?, \u0939\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u093f\u0921\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u0911\u092b \u091c\u094b\u0928<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0964\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

11. Describe the different stages of mountain building according to Kober.<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930- <\/span>\u0915\u094b<\/span>\u092c\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0928\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u094b\u095c\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940\u00a0\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964\u00a0<\/span>\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u00a0\u0939\u0949\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/u><\/span>\u00a0\u092e\u0939\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e\u00a0\u0939\u0949\u0917<\/strong><\/span> \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932\u0940\u092f \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u092d\u0942\u092a\u091f\u0932\u0940\u092f \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u095c\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u0941\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u092e\u094b\u095c\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092d\u0942-\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947, \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0930\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0925\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0932\u091b\u091f\u093f\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f: \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0935\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u0930\u0949\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0949\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924, \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091f\u0947\u0925\u093f\u0938 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0926\u0943\u095d \u092d\u0942\u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u091a\u0928 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u091a\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092c\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0921\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0932\u0935\u093e \u0935\u0932\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u091c \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0925\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964\u00a0 \u0907\u0928 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0926\u0943\u095d \u092d\u0942\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0948\u091f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928<\/span>\u00a0\u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u092d\u0942\u0916\u0902\u0921 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 (Foreland) <\/span>\u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964\u00a0 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u0943\u095d \u092d\u0942\u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0932\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u091c\u092e\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0927\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0932\u0928<\/span>\u00a0\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0932\u092c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u091c\u092c \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u092d\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u091a\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0948\u0924\u093f\u091c \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0916\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0928\u0947 ‘\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0921\u0915\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0928’<\/span>\u00a0 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0935\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0928\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 (Median Mass) <\/span>\u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u092d\u0940-\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0935\u093e \u091f\u0942\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u00a0\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0935\u093e \u0916\u0902\u0921 (Nappe)<\/span>\u00a0\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0928\u0932\u0941\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930\u0964\u00a0 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u091f\u0947\u0925\u093f\u0938\u00a0\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0925\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094b\u0902\u0921\u0935\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u092f\u094b\u0938\u0940\u0928 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0906\u092e\u0928\u0947-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091f\u0947\u0925\u093f\u0938\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0932\u091b\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0928\u0932\u0941\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u091a \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0932\u0918\u0941 \u0936\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u092f\u0926\u094d\u0926\u092a\u093f \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0932\u0940-\u092d\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0941\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0926\u094b\u0937 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964-<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0941\u095c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0941\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0941\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0947<\/a> \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902 (\u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f,\u0906\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u094b \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/a>-\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902 (\u0930\u0949\u0915\u0940, \u090f\u0902\u0921\u093f\u091c) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Read More:-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Questions Bank<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2663 2023 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0932\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930-1<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928-\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Geomorphology (Theory) First Semester \u0915\u093e Solved Exam Paper \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902-<\/span><\/p>\n

1.<\/span><\/strong> Major Course (MJC-1)<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

2. Minor Course (MIC-1)<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Multidisciplinary Course (MDC-1) For Humanities<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

4. Multidisciplinary Course (MDC-1) For Science<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

5. Multidisciplinary Course (MDC-1) For B.Com<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Major Course or MJC-1) Geomorphology (Theory) Solved Questions Paper 2023 (Patliputra University Patna) Part-A\/\u092d\u093e\u0917-\u0905 (Objective Type Questions) (\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928) Note: All questions are compulsory. \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 1. Select the correct answer from the alternatives given below: [2\u00d710=20] \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f: (i) Who propounded the ‘Nebular Hypothesis’ 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