{"id":12188,"date":"2023-06-05T22:51:49","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T17:21:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/?p=12188"},"modified":"2023-06-10T22:45:24","modified_gmt":"2023-06-10T17:15:24","slug":"peneplain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/peneplain\/","title":{"rendered":"20. Peneplain (\u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>20. \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 (Peneplain)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24pt; color: #008000;\"> <span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 (Peneplain)\u21d2<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 (Peneplain) \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0935\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u091c\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0926\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u091c\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u092a\u0947\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0905\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u092e\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u092e\u0947 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0948\u0928\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0928 (Panplain) \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 L.C. \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u092c \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 L.C. \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0947\u0921\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0928 (Pediplain) \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F341965643%2Ffigure%2Ffig4%2FAS%3A899335940210690%401591429805663%2FSertaneja-pediplain-surface-with-inselberg-where-mechanical-morphogenesis-predominates.png&amp;tbnid=jg49cuxdHTJDEM&amp;vet=12ahUKEwiZ-JKMz6z_AhWuGrcAHVttC4AQMygEegQIARBu..i&amp;imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffigure%2FSertaneja-pediplain-surface-with-inselberg-where-mechanical-morphogenesis-predominates_fig4_341965643&amp;docid=C25gw1F7VLVvYM&amp;w=476&amp;h=422&amp;itg=1&amp;q=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiZ-JKMz6z_AhWuGrcAHVttC4AQMygEegQIARBu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u092a<\/a>\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0930\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12189 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u092a\u0947\u0921\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0928.jpg\" alt=\"Peneplain\" width=\"238\" height=\"211\" \/><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">(1) \u092f\u0939 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">(2) V- \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">(3) \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0935\u091a \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(4) \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0935\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u0928\u0948\u0921\u0928\u0949\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0902\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 L.C. \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0932\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0938\u0947<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">(5) \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0947\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-2 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">(1) \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928- \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">(2) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928- \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">(3) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928- \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0917\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930, \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0948\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">(4) \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928- SHEMAN \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (USA) <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0926\u094b \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0926\u094b \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0917\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0948\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u092f\u200c\u0928 \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f USA \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 SHEMAN \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u091f\u0941 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0924\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941 5\u00bd \u0939\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0905\u092a\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0936\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #008000;\"><b>Read More:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>1.<\/strong><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/origin-of-the-earth\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong> Origin Of The Earth\/\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u00a0 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">2. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/2-internal-structure-of-the-earth\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Internal Structure of The Earth\/\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e <\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">3. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/geosyncline-orogen-theory-kober\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u092d\u0941\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924- \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930 (GEOSYNCLINE OROGEN THEORY- KOBER)<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">4. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/convection-current-theory-of-holmes\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Convection Current Theory of Holmes \/\u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">5.<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/isostasy\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> ISOSTASY\/\u092d\u0942\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \/\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">6<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/continental-drift-theory\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">. \u0935\u0947\u0917\u0928\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\/Continental Drift Theory<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">7. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/plate-tectonic-theory\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\/ Plate Tectonic Theory<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">8. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/sea-floor-spreading-theory\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0924\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\/Sea Floor Spreading Theory<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">9. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/volcano\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Volcanism\/\u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">10.<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/topography-created-by-volcanic-action\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> Volcanic Landforms \/\u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">11.<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/earthquake\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> Earthquake\/\u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">12. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/earthquake-region-in-india\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Earthquake Region in India\/ \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 <\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">13. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/normal-cycle-of-erosion\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">CYCLE OF EROSION (\u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930)- By- W.M. DEVIS<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">14. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/river-landforms\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">River Landforms\/\u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">15.<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/glacial-process-and-landforms\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0930\u0941\u092a (GLACIAL PROCESS AND LANDFORMS)<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">16<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/arid-topography\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">. \u092a\u0935\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\/\u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\/Arid Topography<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">17.<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/karst-topography\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \/Karst Topography<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">18.<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/coastal-topography\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\/Coastal Topography<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\">19.<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/applied-geomorphology\/\"><strong style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\/Applied Geomorphology<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">20. <\/span><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/peneplain\/\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Peneplain(\u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928)<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: #0000ff;\"><strong style=\"text-align: center;\">21. <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%b9%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%83%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf\/\">\u092c\u0939\u0941\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>22.<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%ad%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%83%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be\/\">&#8220;\u092d\u0942\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092b\u0932\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8221; \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: #0000ff;\"><strong>23. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/%e0%a4%a1%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%95\/\">\u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>20. \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 (Peneplain) \u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 (Peneplain)\u21d2 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0938\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 (Peneplain) \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0935\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u091c\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0926\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u091c\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 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