{"id":10889,"date":"2023-04-25T22:33:51","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T17:03:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geographynotespdf.com\/?p=10889"},"modified":"2026-01-29T19:53:38","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T14:23:38","slug":"%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%96-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a5%8c%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geographynotespdf.com\/cms\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%96-%e0%a4%ad%e0%a5%8c%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a4\/","title":{"rendered":"1. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n
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\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916\u21d2 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u0917\u0948\u0938\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0928\u093e\/ \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Gaseous Hypothesis) @\u00a0\u0915\u093e\u0923\u094d\u091f (1755)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Nebulas Hypothesis) @ \u0932\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 (1796)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Planetesimal Hypothesis) @ \u091a\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0928 (1904)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(4) \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Tidal Hypothesis) @ \u091c\u0940\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0947\u092b\u0930\u0940\u091c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(5) \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e-\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Binary Star Hypothesis of Russell) @ \u0930\u0938\u0948\u0932<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(6) \u0938\u093f\u092b\u0940\u0921 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (The Cep<\/span>heid Hypothesis) @ \u090f. \u0938\u0940. \u092c\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(7) \u0928\u0935\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Nova Hypothesis) @ \u0939\u093e\u092f\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0932\u091f\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(8) \u092b\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Fon Vaischcer’s Hypothesis) \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(9) \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0927\u0942\u0932\u093f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Inter-Steller Dust Hypothesis) @ \u0911\u091f\u094b\u0936\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0921 (1943)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(10) \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Electro- Magnetic Hypothesis) @ \u0921\u0949. \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092b\u0935\u0947\u0928 (1942)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(11) \u092c\u093f\u0917-\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0910. \u091c\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0932\u0948\u092e\u0947\u0923\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(12) \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0948\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e @ \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0926 \u092c\u092b\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(13) \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0938\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0925\u0949\u092e\u0938 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0939\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(14) \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e @ \u0930\u093e\u0938\u091c\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(15) \u092c\u0943\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f-\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0948\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e @ \u0908. \u090f\u092e. \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c\u0940\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0924\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u091a\u0924\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092b\u0932\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 (Tetrahedral Theory) @ \u0932\u094b\u0925\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928 (1857)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u0932\u0947\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0924\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 (Continental Drift Theory) @ \u0935\u0948\u0917\u0928\u0930 (1912)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(4) \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Land Bridge Hypothesis) @ \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0930\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(5) \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e @ \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u0938<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(6) \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092b\u093f\u0938\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Hypothesis of Sliding Continents) @ \u0921\u0948\u0932\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(7) \u092a\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u0921\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0939\u0947\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0907\u0932\u0940 \u0921\u0940. \u092c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(8) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925-\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0936\u094d\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 (Elastic Rebound) @ \u090f\u091a. \u090f\u092b. \u0930\u0940\u0921<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(9) \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 (Plate Tectonic) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0939\u0948\u0930\u0940\u0939\u0947\u0938\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u0938\u0930 \u091c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091c \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u0939\u0947\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u094b\u092c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(4) \u091c\u094b\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(5) \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f (Geosynclines) \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0935 \u0921\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u0939\u0947\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u0908\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(4) \u0936\u0941\u0936\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(5) \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 (Geosynclinal Orogen Theory) @ \u0915\u094b\u092c\u0930<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u091a\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 (Thermal Contraction) @ \u091c\u0947\u092b\u0930\u0940\u091c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0938\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \/ \u0916\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 @ \u0921\u0948\u0932\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(4) \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0910\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 (Radioactivity Theory) @ \u091c\u0949\u0932\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(5) \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 (Convection Current Theory) @ \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u0938<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(6) \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e @ \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915\u093f\u091f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u092d\u0942-\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e @ \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 (1899)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e @ \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938 (1905)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e @ \u0938\u0948\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0938\u00a0 (1918)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(4) \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e @ \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0902\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(5) \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e @ \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u0930 (1950)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(6) \u092a\u0948\u0928\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e @ \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u092e\u0947<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(7) \u0905\u092a\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u092e\u0948\u0932\u091f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(8) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(9) \u092d\u094c\u092e\u091c\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(10) \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0917\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0928\u0930<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(11) \u092a\u0947\u0921\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e @ \u090f\u0932. \u0938\u0940. \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(12) \u0922\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e @ \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(13) \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0932 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (Hill Slope Cycle) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u090f\u0932. \u0938\u0940. \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(14) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Progressive Piracy Theory) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u090f\u091a. \u0921\u0940. \u092d\u093e\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(15) \u091a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0922\u093c (Sheet Flood) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942. \u091c\u0947. \u092e\u0947\u0917\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(16) \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 @ \u092a\u092b \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091f\u093e\u092e\u0938<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(17) \u0939\u093f\u092e\u0928\u0926\u0940\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0926\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0928\u0940<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(18)\u00a0 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0923\u094d\u0921 (Bergschrund) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u091c\u0949\u0928\u0938\u0928<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(19) \u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u0926\u0928 (Episodic Erosion) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u090f\u0938. \u090f. \u0936\u0942\u092e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(20) \u0905\u0927\u0903 \u0905\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f (Deep Weathering) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0921\u0940. \u090f\u0932. \u0932\u093f\u0923\u094d\u091f\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(21) \u0938\u0930\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 (Law of Stream Numbers) @ \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930-\u092d\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0939\u0948\u0930\u093f\u0938<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u0928\u0939\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0940<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(3)\u00a0 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0935\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0939\u0947\u0935\u0947\u0932<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(4)\u00a0 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (Equilibrium Theory) @ \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(5) \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (Dynamical Theory) @ \u0932\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 <\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0932 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928 (1837)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(2)\u00a0 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u092e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0947<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0921\u0948\u0932\u0940<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(4) \u0932\u0935\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0935\u0938\u0928 (Saline Exhalation) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @<\/span> \u0939\u0947\u0932\u0947<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 <\/span>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u0939\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0923 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (Ice-Crystal Theory) @ \u092c\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0928 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 @ \u0908. \u091c\u0940. \u092c\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 <\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u091f\u093f\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0930<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0928\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0932\u092f (Concentric Zone) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0947\u0938<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 (Multiple Nuclei) @ \u0939\u0948\u0930\u093f\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u092e\u0948\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921 (Sector) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0939\u094b\u092e\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u092f\u091f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(4) \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f (Fused Growth) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0917\u0948\u0930\u0940\u0938\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(5) \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093f-\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Rank Size Rule) \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0915 @ \u0906\u092f\u0930\u092c\u0948\u0915<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(6) \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093f-\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f @ \u091c\u093f\u092b<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(7) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (The Law of Primate City) -@ \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u091c\u0947\u092b\u0930\u0938\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(8) \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (Central Place Theory) @\u00a0 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0932\u0930<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(9) \u0905\u092e\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 (Umland) \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 @ \u0906\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0947 \u090f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(10) \u0909\u092a\u0935\u0928 \u0928\u0917\u0930 (Garden City) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 @ \u0908\u092c\u0947\u0928\u091c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0921<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 <\/span>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u0932\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \/ \u092b\u0938\u0932 \u0938\u0918\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \/ \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 @ \u0935\u0949\u0928 \u0925\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0947\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e-\u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \/ \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \/ \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 @ \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092b\u0947\u0921 \u0935\u0947\u092c\u0930<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0932\u094c\u0928\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(4) \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e (Market Competition) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u092b\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(5) \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 @ \u0939\u0942\u092c\u0930<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(6) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 @ \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0925<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u21d2 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e @ \u090f\u091a. \u091c\u0947. \u092e\u0948\u0915\u093f\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0930<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) \u0930\u093f\u092e\u0932\u0948\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e @ \u090f\u0928. \u091c\u0947. \u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0915\u092e\u0948\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Geo-Strategic) \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e @ \u090f\u0938. \u092c\u0940. \u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(4) \u092d\u0942-\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 (Geopolitic) \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e @ \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0932 \u0939\u093e\u0909\u0936\u094b\u092b\u0930<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(5) \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0932 \u0939\u093e\u0909\u0936\u094b\u092b\u0930<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(6) \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0924\u092e (Optimum) \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0938<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(7) \u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 (Zone and Strata) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092b\u093f\u0925 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0930<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(8) \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u091f\u093f\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 (Morphological Zone) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0906\u0930. \u0908. \u0921\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(9) \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e (Nested Hierarchy) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u090f. \u0915\u0947. \u092b\u093f\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(10) \u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0927\u093f (Core and Periphery) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0921\u092e\u0948\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(11) \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930 (Polar Front) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0928\u0940\u091c\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(12) \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 (Pioneer Fringe) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e @ \u0906\u092f\u0936\u093e \u092c\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(13) \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915 (Dynamic) \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0936\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092b\u0930\u094d\u091f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(14)\u00a0 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Law of Difusion) @ \u091f\u0940. \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u092e<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(15) \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0917\u0924\u093f (Planetary Motion) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 @ \u0915\u0947\u092a\u0932\u0930<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(16) \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 (Operational or Functional Theory of Resources) @ \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0930\u092e\u0948\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(17) \u092d\u0942\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0936\u094d\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (Elastic Rebound Theory) @ \u090f\u091a. \u090f\u092b. \u0930\u0940\u0921\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(18) \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f (Plate) \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917- \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0938\u0928<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(19) \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 (Isostasy<\/a>) \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 @ \u0921\u091f\u0928 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(20) \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e (Uniform Density but Varying Thickness) @ \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0940<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(21) \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u0915\u092e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Bigger the column lesser the density, Smaller the column greater the density) @ \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(22) \u092a\u0947\u0928\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Peneplain concept) @ \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0938<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(23) \u092a\u0947\u0928\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Panplain concept) @ \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0915\u092e\u0947\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(24) \u092a\u0947\u0921\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Pediplain concept) @ \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(25) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092b (Primarrumf) \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e @ \u092a\u0947\u0902\u0915<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(26) \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0938\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u092f\u0941\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 @ \u0932\u0941\u0908 \u0905\u0917\u093e\u0938\u0940\u091c<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(27)<\/span> \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0932 (Base Level of Erosion) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/a> @ \u092a\u0949\u0935\u0947\u0932<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u21d2 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 (1) \u0917\u0948\u0938\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0928\u093e\/ \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Gaseous Hypothesis) @\u00a0\u0915\u093e\u0923\u094d\u091f (1755) (2) \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Nebulas Hypothesis) @ \u0932\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 (1796) (3) \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Planetesimal Hypothesis) @ \u091a\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0928 (1904) (4) \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e (Tidal Hypothesis) @ \u091c\u0940\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0947\u092b\u0930\u0940\u091c (5) 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